{"id":10361,"date":"2012-10-09T06:54:59","date_gmt":"2012-10-09T06:54:59","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/192.168.1.14\/index.php\/2012\/10\/09\/discharge-of-cargo-without-production-of-original-bills-of-lading\/"},"modified":"2025-09-01T01:21:42","modified_gmt":"2025-08-31T17:21:42","slug":"discharge-of-cargo-without-production-of-original-bills-of-lading","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/zh\/discharge-of-cargo-without-production-of-original-bills-of-lading\/","title":{"rendered":"Discharge of cargo without production of original bills of lading"},"content":{"rendered":"

 \"pdf\" ENG<\/a>   \"pdf\" \u4e2d\u6587<\/a><\/p>\n

A vessel discharged cargo without production of original bills of lading which resulted in the shippers claiming the shipowner for loss to cargo. In this situation, the vessel’s P&I Club stated they are not liable for any liabilities arising from the shipper’s claim on the grounds the cargo was discharged without production of original bills of lading in breach of Club rules.<\/p>\n

We advised the owners it was not correct that their P&I Club stated that Club cover is prejudiced on the grounds cargo was discharged without production of an original bill of lading.<\/p>\n

The following is an extract of our opinions.<\/p>\n

All the International Group of P&I Clubs have excluded in their rules of cover liability arising from an owner who delivers cargo other than against surrender of the original bill of lading on the grounds this is an unlawful act. It is noteworthy the circumstance which results in or triggers the exclusion of Club cover is the act of ‘delivery’ of the cargo and not the act of ‘discharge’ of the cargo as explained below.<\/p>\n

Legal and insurance sanctions only apply to the situation where the cargo is ‘delivered’ to the wrong party which is equivalent to misdelivery of the cargo.<\/p>\n

This interpretation must be correct as both the Hague Rules, Hague Visby Rules and Hamburg Rules provide for and require delivery of the cargo to the proper party. Art III(6) of both the Hague and Hague Visby Rules provides that in the absence of notice of damage of goods within three days of discharge, removal of goods into the custody of the person entitled to them under the contract of carriage shall constitute delivery. In other words the Rules provide that delivery of cargo must be made to the proper party and the owner’s liability is not made with reference to discharge of cargo. Under Art 4 of the Hamburg Rules similarly the owner is deemed to be in charge of and liable for the cargo until the time he has delivered the cargo to the proper party.<\/p>\n

The cargo has not been misdelivered for the reasons the cargo has not been delivered to the wrong party and the cargo has also not been delivered at the wrong port. The cargo has been discharged at the correct port stated in the B\/L ; the cargo has not been delivered to any party nor the receivers and on the contrary the receivers under the B\/L do not wish to take delivery of cargo ; the cargo is still in the port customs warehouse and a cargo delivery order has been issued and given to the shippers to take delivery of the cargo upon presentation of the original bill of lading and settlement of port and storage expenses. In these circumstances I cannot see where there can be an act of misdelivery which would be tantamount to the owners being in breach of the contract of carriage fundamentally or otherwise and which would cause the Club to exclude liability therefor. As the shippers have lodged a claim against the owners under the contract of carriage, this liability falls under Club cover notwithstanding the shipper’s claim appears to be a commercial dispute with the receivers and more suitably directed against the receivers.<\/p>\n

The difference of opinion whether it is the time of discharge or delivery of cargo which may give rise to an unlawful act if done without production of an original bill of lading whereby the legal and insurance sanctions apply may have arisen due to references in some legal articles to the discharge of cargo without production of original bills of lading. However the carriers’ liability under the contract of carriage in respect of delivery of the cargo is reasonably clear based on the Hague and Hague Visby Rules as explained earlier and based on the wording of the International Group P&I Club’s circular in this connection and their suggested LOI wording which make reference only to delivery or misdelivery of cargo.<\/p>\n

Guidance can also be obtained from the High Court case in The Bremen Max (2009) which also concerned a vessel which delivered cargo without production of original bills of lading in consideration of an LOI from the charterers. In this case the Court explained that ‘discharge’ and ‘delivery’ are different concepts. Discharge is the movement of cargo over the ship’s rail and delivery is the transfer of possession of the cargo to a party ashore.<\/p>\n

If the cargo is delivered without production of an original bill of lading to a party not entitled to receive it, the owner will be liable for breach of contract and for conversion of the cargo and in this circumstance the owner has a right of action for the recovery of the cargo or its value against the party to whom delivery has been made Westwood Shipping v Geo International (1998). In the circumstances of our case there has been no misdelivery of the cargo as no party including the receiver has taken delivery or possession of the cargo and accordingly no legal actions to recover the cargo is required, the latter being the most cogent evidence that there has been no misdelivery of the cargo.<\/p>\n

To conclude, in view the cargo has been discharged at the port stated in the bill of lading, no party has taken delivery or possession of the cargo and the owner is awaiting the shippers who allegedly are the lawful cargo owners to take delivery of the cargo subject to presentation of an original bill of lading, it is difficult to see how it could be alleged the owners have breached the contract of carriage entitling their P&I Club to exclude liability for misdelivery of cargo.<\/p>\n

See attached file : ALCO20120061 Discharge of cargo without production of original bills of lading.pdf<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u65e0\u6b63\u672c\u63d0\u5355\u5378\u8d27<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c2\u8003\u82f1\u56fd\u9ad8\u96622009\u5e74\u7684 The Bremen Max \u4e00\u6848\u3002\u8be5\u6848\u4e2d\uff0c\u79df\u5bb6\u63d0\u4f9b\u4fdd\u51fd\uff0c\u8239\u4e1c\u65e0\u6b63\u672c\u63d0\u5355\u653e\u8d27\u3002\u6cd5\u9662\u89e3\u91ca\u8bf4\uff0c”\u5378\u4e0b” \u548c”\u4ea4\u4ed8” \u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u5378\u4e0b\u662f\u79fb\u52a8\u8d27\u7269\u8d8a\u8fc7\u8239\u8237\uff0c\u4ea4\u4ed8\u662f\u5c06\u8d27\u7269\u7684\u5360\u6709\u8f6c\u79fb\u7ed9\u5cb8\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u65b9\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6839\u636e Westwood Shipping v Geo International (1998) \u4e00\u6848\u7684\u5224\u51b3\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8239\u4e1c\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u6b63\u672c\u63d0\u5355\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5c06\u8d27\u7269\u4ea4\u4ed8\u7ed9\u4e86\u65e0\u63d0\u8d27\u6743\u7684\u4e00\u65b9\uff0c\u8239\u4e1c\u5c06\u627f\u62c5\u5408\u540c\u8fdd\u7ea6\u548c\u8f6c\u79fb\u8d27\u7269\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u8239\u4e1c\u6709\u6743\u5411\u5176\u4ea4\u4ed8\u8d27\u7269\u7684\u4e00\u65b9\u8ffd\u507f\u8d27\u7269\u6216\u8d27\u7269\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u672c\u6848\u4e2d\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u53d1\u751f\u9519\u8bef\u4ea4\u4ed8\u8d27\u7269\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6536\u8d27\u4eba\u5728\u5185\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u65b9\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u63d0\u8d27\u6216\u5360\u6709\u8d27\u7269\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u8981\u6c42\u8ffd\u507f\u8d27\u7269\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u4e5f\u662f\u672c\u6848\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u9519\u8bef\u4ea4\u4ed8\u8d27\u7269\u7684\u6700\u6709\u529b\u7684\u8bc1\u660e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u603b\u7ed3\uff0c\u672c\u6848\u4e2d\uff0c\u8d27\u7269\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u63d0\u5355\u8f7d\u660e\u7684\u6e2f\u53e3\u5378\u4e0b\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u63d0\u8d27\u6216\u5360\u6709\u8d27\u7269\uff0c\u8239\u4e1c\u6b63\u7b49\u5f85\u6258\u8fd0\u4eba\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5408\u6cd5\u8d27\u4e3b\u51ed\u6b63\u672c\u63d0\u5355\u63d0\u8d27\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8239\u4e1c\u5df2\u7ecf\u8fdd\u53cd\u8fd0\u8f93\u5408\u540c\uff0c\u4fdd\u8d54\u534f\u4f1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u514d\u9664\u9519\u8bef\u4ea4\u4ed8\u8d27\u7269\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u663e\u7136\u662f\u5f88\u96be\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7531 ANDREW LIU & CO.,LTD \u7f16\u8bd1\uff0c\u5e94\u4ee5\u82f1\u6587\u4e3a\u51c6\uff01<\/p>\n

\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\u8bf7\u53c2\u9605\u9644\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n


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  ENG    CHN A vessel discharged cargo without production of original bills of lading which resulted in the shippers claiming the shipowner for loss to cargo. In this situation, the vessel’s P&I Club stated they are not liable for any liabilities arising from the shipper’s claim on the grounds the cargo was discharged without production of […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":9071,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[34],"tags":[125],"class_list":["post-10361","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-circulars","tag-english"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10361","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10361"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10361\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":20231,"href":"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10361\/revisions\/20231"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9071"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10361"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10361"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10361"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}