{"id":10432,"date":"2012-07-31T09:24:18","date_gmt":"2012-07-31T09:24:18","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/192.168.1.14\/index.php\/2012\/07\/31\/liability-for-hull-fouling\/"},"modified":"2025-09-01T01:21:44","modified_gmt":"2025-08-31T17:21:44","slug":"liability-for-hull-fouling","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/zh\/liability-for-hull-fouling\/","title":{"rendered":"Liability for Hull fouling"},"content":{"rendered":"

 \"pdf\" ENG<\/a>   \"pdf\" \u4e2d\u6587<\/a><\/p>\n

Hull fouling may be a likely occurrence at warm water ports. Unless there are specially agreed terms in the charterparty the following legal position of the parties is summarized.<\/p>\n

The important question is: Did fouling arise due to charterer’s orders as opposed to while charterer’s orders are being carried out ?<\/p>\n

1.Fouling due to charterer’s order :
Where the fouling is shown to be a direct result of obeying charterer’s orders to trade to a port outside the charterparty permitted trade limits, charterers are likely to be liable for the consequences of the fouling. However if the charterparty permitted trading range included warm water ports but the port to which charterers ordered the vessel fell outside the permitted trading range, then it is not likely charterers would be held liable on the basis the owners had in the charterparty assumed the risk of fouling.<\/p>\n

The master may obey unlawful orders from the charterers without such conduct amounting to a waiver by owners of the terms of the charterparty. If charterers request the owners to trade to an area outside the trading limits agreed in the charterparty, it is important the owners should only agree to such a voyage subject to rights under the terms of the charterparty not being waived and charterers’ indemnity to owners in event of any loss arising from their order.<\/p>\n

2.Fouling while charterer’s order is being carried out: Owners will not be able to claim charterers where losses are incurred as a consequence of complying with charterers’ legitimate and ordinary employment orders. Therefore where lawful orders have been provided by charterers and the vessel incurs hull fouling in the course of ordinary trading, the costs of cleaning the hull, repairing the paint work and time incurred will be borne by the owners in view this is a risk which they consented to bear in the charterparty. Such fouling would be considered forseeable at the time of fixing the charterparty and where the owners agreed the vessel to trade to warm waters this risk would be borne by the owners.<\/p>\n

However an indemnity will generally be implied against unforeseen liability, losses and damages sustained by the owners as a direct consequence of charterers’ orders even if the charterers’ orders were lawful. Therefore unforeseen losses which occur despite charterers’ orders being lawful may give the owners a reason to claim charterers under this indemnity. In this circumstance, additional information would be required such as :<\/p>\n

a.Whether the time spent at the warm water port was usual for that type of vessel.
b.Whether the marine growth was usual and expected at that place for that time of year.<\/p>\n

In the Kitsa (2005) EWHC 177, the charterers had given legitimate orders to the vessel to enter that port as the port of call was within the permitted trading limits of the charterparty. It was held the risk of fouling at that port had been forseeable by owners and charterers at the time of fixing the charterparty and that the fouling was not fortuitous or exceptional, as the vessel had not stayed in that port longer than usual for that type of vessel. Therefore the risk of fouling was held to be an operational risk which the owners had consented to bear when fixing the charterparty.<\/p>\n

See attached file : ALCO20120054 Liability for Hull fouling.pdf<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u8239\u8236\u6c61\u5e95\u8d23\u4efb<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u5728\u6696\u6c34\u6d77\u6e2f\uff0c\u8239\u8236\u5e38\u5e38\u5bb9\u6613\u53d1\u751f\u6c61\u5e95\u3002\u5982\u679c\u79df\u7ea6\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u7279\u5b9a\u6761\u6b3e\u7ea6\u5b9a\uff0c\u5408\u540c\u5404\u65b9\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5730\u4f4d\u603b\u7ed3\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u641e\u6e05\u695a\uff1a\u6c61\u5e95\u662f\u56e0\u79df\u5bb6\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u6307\u4ee4\u76f4\u63a5\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u5728\u6267\u884c\u79df\u5bb6\u6b63\u5e38\u822a\u6b21\u6307\u4ee4\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\uff1f<\/p>\n

1.\u56e0\u79df\u5bb6\u7279\u5b9a\u6307\u4ee4\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u6c61\u5e95
\u5982\u679c\u6c61\u5e95\u662f\u56e0\u670d\u4ece\u79df\u5bb6\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u524d\u5f80\u79df\u7ea6\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u822a\u884c\u533a\u57df\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u6e2f\u53e3\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u76f4\u63a5\u5bfc\u81f4\u6c61\u5e95\uff0c\u79df\u5bb6\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u8981\u5bf9\u6c61\u5e95\u7684\u540e\u679c\u627f\u62c5\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u79df\u7ea6\u5141\u8bb8\u7684\u822a\u884c\u8303\u56f4\u5305\u62ec\u6696\u6c34\u6d77\u6e2f\uff0c\u4f46\u79df\u5bb6\u6307\u4ee4\u8239\u8236\u6302\u9760\u7684\u6696\u6c34\u6d77\u6e2f\u5728\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u822a\u884c\u533a\u57df\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u7531\u4e8e\u6839\u636e\u6240\u5b9a\u79df\u7ea6\uff0c\u8239\u4e1c\u5df2\u7ecf\u80fd\u591f\u9884\u77e5\u6c61\u5e95\u7684\u98ce\u9669\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u79df\u5bb6\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u627f\u62c5\u8d23\u4efb\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8239\u957f\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u6267\u884c\u79df\u5bb6\u7684\u975e\u6cd5\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6267\u884c\u8be5\u6307\u4ee4\u4e0d\u80fd\u89c6\u4e3a\u8239\u4e1c\u653e\u5f03\u79df\u7ea6\u4e0b\u7684\u6743\u5229\u3002\u5982\u679c\u79df\u5bb6\u8981\u6c42\u8239\u4e1c\u524d\u5f80\u79df\u7ea6\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u8239\u4e1c\u540c\u610f\u6267\u884c\u8be5\u822a\u6b21\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u662f\u4e0d\u5f71\u54cd\u8239\u4e1c\u79df\u7ea6\u4e0b\u7684\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e00\u65e6\u7531\u4e8e\u6267\u884c\u8be5\u822a\u6b21\u6307\u4ee4\u5bfc\u81f4\u4efb\u4f55\u635f\u5931\uff0c\u79df\u5bb6\u5fc5\u987b\u8d54\u507f\u8239\u4e1c\u3002<\/p>\n

2.\u6267\u884c\u79df\u5bb6\u6b63\u5e38\u822a\u6b21\u6307\u4ee4\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u6c61\u5e95
\u5982\u679c\u635f\u5931\u662f\u56e0\u9075\u5b88\u79df\u5bb6\u5408\u6cd5\u3001\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u5c65\u7ea6\u6307\u4ee4\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\uff0c\u5219\u8239\u4e1c\u4e0d\u80fd\u5411\u79df\u5bb6\u7d22\u8d54\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u79df\u5bb6\u7ed9\u51fa\u7684\u822a\u6b21\u6307\u4ee4\u662f\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\uff0c\u8239\u8236\u5728\u8fd9\u6b63\u5e38\u822a\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u8239\u8236\u6e05\u5e95\u3001\u91cd\u65b0\u55b7\u6f06\u4ee5\u53ca\u7531\u6b64\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u635f\u5931\u5747\u5e94\u8be5\u7531\u8239\u4e1c\u627f\u62c5\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8239\u4e1c\u5df2\u7ecf\u77e5\u6089\u5e76\u613f\u610f\u627f\u62c5\u8fd9\u4e00\u98ce\u9669\u3002\u6b64\u7c7b\u6c61\u635f\u5728\u8ba2\u7ea6\u65f6\u5df2\u7ecf\u53ef\u4ee5\u9884\u89c1\uff0c\u8239\u4e1c\u4f9d\u7136\u540c\u610f\u8239\u8236\u5728\u6696\u6c34\u6d77\u57df\u822a\u884c\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u98ce\u9669\u5e94\u7531\u5176\u81ea\u5df1\u627f\u62c5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u6307\u4ee4\u662f\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8239\u4e1c\u627f\u53d7\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u9884\u89c1\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u3001\u635f\u5931\u6216\u8005\u635f\u5bb3\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u7531\u79df\u5bb6\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u901a\u5e38\u79df\u5bb6\u9700\u8981\u505a\u51fa\u76f8\u5e94\u8d54\u507f\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u79df\u5bb6\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u662f\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u79df\u5bb6\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u4e0d\u53ef\u9884\u89c1\u7684\u635f\u5931\uff0c\u8239\u4e1c\u6709\u7406\u7531\u7d22\u8d54\u79df\u5bb6\u6c42\u5f97\u8d54\u507f\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f1a\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e9b\u989d\u5916\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n

a.\u5f85\u5728\u6696\u6c34\u6d77\u6e2f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u7c7b\u8239\u8236\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u5426\u6b63\u5e38\u3002
b.\u6bcf\u5e74\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u6d77\u57df\uff0c\u53d1\u751f\u6d77\u751f\u7269\u9644\u7740\u8239\u4f53\u7684\u72b6\u51b5\u662f\u5426\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6b63\u5e38\u548c\u53ef\u9884\u671f\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728 Kitsa (2005) EWHC 177\u6848\u4e2d\uff0c\u79df\u5bb6\u5411\u8239\u8236\u53d1\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5408\u6cd5\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u6307\u4ee4\u8239\u8236\u6240\u8fdb\u5165\u7684\u6e2f\u53e3\u5728\u79df\u7ea6\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u822a\u884c\u533a\u57df\u4e4b\u5185\u3002\u6cd5\u9662\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8239\u4e1c\u548c\u79df\u5bb6\u5728\u8ba2\u7ea6\u65f6\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u9884\u89c1\u5230\u8be5\u6e2f\u53e3\u53d1\u751f\u8239\u8236\u6c61\u5e95\u7684\u98ce\u9669\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6c61\u5e95\u5e76\u975e\u5076\u7136\u6216\u7f55\u89c1\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u8239\u8236\u5728\u6e2f\u53e3\u505c\u7559\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u6bd4\u6b64\u7c7b\u8239\u8236\u901a\u5e38\u505c\u7559\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u957f\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8be5\u6c61\u5e95\u98ce\u9669\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e0a\u7684\u98ce\u9669\uff0c\u8239\u4e1c\u5728\u8ba2\u7ea6\u65f6\u5df2\u7ecf\u540c\u610f\u627f\u62c5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7531 ANDREW LIU & CO.,LTD \u7f16\u8bd1\uff0c\u5e94\u4ee5\u82f1\u6587\u4e3a\u51c6\uff01<\/p>\n

\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\u8bf7\u53c2\u9605\u9644\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n


<\/strong><\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  ENG    CHN Hull fouling may be a likely occurrence at warm water ports. Unless there are specially agreed terms in the charterparty the following legal position of the parties is summarized. The important question is: Did fouling arise due to charterer’s orders as opposed to while charterer’s orders are being carried out ? 1.Fouling due […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":9071,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[34],"tags":[125],"class_list":["post-10432","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-circulars","tag-english"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10432","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10432"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10432\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":20318,"href":"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10432\/revisions\/20318"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9071"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10432"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10432"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10432"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}