{"id":10503,"date":"2012-06-06T03:35:52","date_gmt":"2012-06-06T03:35:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/192.168.1.14\/index.php\/2012\/06\/06\/bunker-claims-prevention\/"},"modified":"2025-09-01T01:21:46","modified_gmt":"2025-08-31T17:21:46","slug":"bunker-claims-prevention","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/zh\/bunker-claims-prevention\/","title":{"rendered":"Bunker Claims Prevention"},"content":{"rendered":"

 \"pdf\" <\/span>ENG<\/a>   \"pdf\" <\/span>\u4e2d\u6587<\/a><\/p>\n

Marine fuel oil commonly referred to bunkers and the number of bunker disputes increased in the recent years which mainly due to the deterioration of the supplied quality and the determination of the supplied quantity. The quality problems of the bunker are mainly due to the secondary refining, like thermal cracking and catalytic cracking. This process of secondary refining will affect the bunker quality, including the increment of fuel density, worsen of sediment in fuel oil, introduction of catalytic fines and poor ignition quality.<\/p>\n

The bunker quality can affect the performance of engines of a vessel, and thus the quality has to follow the ISO 8217:2010 Petroleum products – Fuels (class F) – Specifications for marine fuels. ISO 8217:2010 provide some guidelines and requirements on acceptable levels of catalytic fines in residual marine fuel oils. These included some requirements relating to the hydrogen sulphide concentration of all fuel oil types, oxidation stability and lubricity of distillate fuel oils, and ignition characteristics and sodium concentration of residual fuel oils.<\/p>\n

Furthermore, to comply with the maritime pollution prevention problem, the bunker quality must follow the IMO International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL) annex VI on preventing air pollution, the sulphur content of fuel supplied must be no more than 3.5% m\/m from January 2012. These regulations are those dealing with nitrogen oxides, sulphur oxides and fuel oil quality. Shipowners and time charterers should obtain full copies of MARPOL and ensure these requirements are incorporated into their operating procedures.<\/p>\n

The determination of the bunker quantity is also a critical issue in the bunker disputes. In the bunkering process, a \u2018cappuccino effect’ will be occurred and this will cause difficulty in the determination of actual bunker quantity. After sailing from the bunkering port, the vessel may find that the actual bunker quantity is much lesser than the quantity stated in the bunker delivery note.<\/p>\n

In order to avoid or mitigate the loss, the following preventive actions are suggested to be taken:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. It is important to recognize that the fuel oil specification requirements must be clearly stated at the time of purchase. Also, the bunker quality should meet the requirements of ISO 8217:2010 and MARPOL.<\/li>\n
  2. In the Time Charter Party, BIMCO fuel quality clause and BIMCO sulphur content clause are suggested to be included in order to protect Owners’ interest.<\/li>\n
  3. It is critical to record all activities during the bunkering operation. The bunker delivery notes should state all the facts and the details information in the bunker operation.<\/li>\n
  4. Off landing of bunker samples for analysis is important, because this quality check can help to prove that the bunker supplied are strictly comply with the requirements by BIMCO and MARPOL.<\/li>\n
  5. If there are any problems about quality of bunker, then the master should issue the Letters of Protest to protect Owners’ interest.<\/li>\n
  6. Finally, the shipowner or charterer should notify the FD&D department of its P&I club (or defence club) for the bunker dispute. If the ship’s engine has been damaged, hull underwriters and\/or the charterer’s damage-to-hull underwriters should be notified. Specialist bunker underwriters (if applicable) should also be notified.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    See attached file : ALCO20120040 Bunker Claims Prevention.pdf<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    \u8239\u7528\u71c3\u6599\u6cb9\u7d22\u8d54\u9884\u9632<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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      \n
    1. \u5728\u8d2d\u4e70\u8239\u7528\u71c3\u6cb9\u65f6\u660e\u786e\u71c3\u6cb9\u89c4\u683c\u8981\u6c42\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u71c3\u6cb9\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u5e94\u7b26\u5408ISO 8217:2010\u548c “\u9632\u6c61\u516c\u7ea6” \u7684\u8981\u6c42\u3002<\/li>\n
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      \u4ee5\u4e0a\u7531 ANDREW LIU & CO.,LTD \u7f16\u8bd1\uff0c\u5e94\u4ee5\u82f1\u6587\u4e3a\u51c6\uff01<\/p>\n

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      <\/strong><\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        ENG    CHN Marine fuel oil commonly referred to bunkers and the number of bunker disputes increased in the recent years which mainly due to the deterioration of the supplied quality and the determination of the supplied quantity. The quality problems of the bunker are mainly due to the secondary refining, like thermal cracking and catalytic […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":9071,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[34],"tags":[125],"class_list":["post-10503","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-circulars","tag-english"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10503","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10503"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10503\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":20378,"href":"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10503\/revisions\/20378"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9071"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10503"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10503"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10503"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}