{"id":10521,"date":"2012-05-21T04:13:26","date_gmt":"2012-05-21T04:13:26","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/192.168.1.14\/index.php\/2012\/05\/21\/carriage-of-deck-cargo\/"},"modified":"2025-09-01T01:21:47","modified_gmt":"2025-08-31T17:21:47","slug":"carriage-of-deck-cargo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/zh\/carriage-of-deck-cargo\/","title":{"rendered":"Carriage of deck cargo"},"content":{"rendered":"

 <\/span>\"pdf\" <\/span>ENG<\/a>    <\/span>\"pdf\" <\/span>\u4e2d\u6587<\/a>  <\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

The case of BBC Greenland (2011) summarises the position under English law on the owner’s ability to exclude liability for deck cargo carriage under the bill of lading.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Understanding the owner’s legal rights to exclude deck cargo liability under the bill of lading is very important as all P&I Club rules exclude cover for owner’s liability arising from deck cargo carriage unless this is a custom of the trade.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

The bill of lading in the BBC Greenland case stated the following conditions : –<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

a.  On the face of the bill of lading: 
“All cargo carried on deck at shipper’s \/ charterer \/ receivers risk as to any perils inherent in such carriage, any warranty of seaworthiness of the vessel expressly waived by the shipper \/ charterer \/ receiver.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

b.  Conditions of carriage on the back page of the bill of lading : 
“….unless otherwise provided herein, the carrier shall in no case be responsible for loss or damage to deck cargo..”<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

The issues considered by the Court :<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

1.  The receivers argued the condition relating to deck cargo carriage on the face of the bill of lading amounted to a liberty to carry cargo on deck and this condition would apply if the cargo was so stated to be carried on deck. The bill of lading did not specifically state that the cargo was so carried on deck even though cargo was so carried on deck and accordingly the exclusion clause relating to deck cargo carriage contained in the conditions of carriage on the back page of the bill of lading did not apply. It was held the bill of lading did state the cargo was carried on deck as a condition on the face of the bill of lading was not usually stated on the face of the bill of lading unless it was especially intended to apply, because standard conditions of carriage are usually stated on the back page of the bill of lading.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

2.  It was argued by the receivers that even if the bill of lading did state the cargo was carried on deck, deck cargo liability cannot in English law be excluded on account of The UK Carriage Of Goods By Sea Act 1971 which provide “…if any so far as the contract contained in or evidenced by a bill of lading ….applies to deck cargo… the Rules….shall have effect as if (the Rules) …did not exclude deck cargo…In this subsection deck cargo means cargo which by the contract of carriage is stated as being carried on deck and is so carried” . In other words the UK Carriage Of Goods By Sea Act 1971 prevented a carrier from excluding his liability for deck cargo carriage. It was held the UK Carriage of Good By Sea Act 1971 did not apply to the conditions of carriage as the Act was not compulsorily applicable on this voyage and also was not contractually incorporated into the bill of lading.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Conclusions :<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

1.  When cargo is carried on deck, in addition to a condition excluding liability for deck cargo carriage being included in the conditions of carriage, it is important the face of the bill of lading specifically state that the cargo is carried \/ shipped on deck.
2.  It is important the UK Carriage Of Goods By Sea Act is not contractually incorporated into the bill of lading contract.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

See attached file : ALCO20120037 Carriage of deck cargo.pdf<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u7532\u677f\u8d27\u8fd0\u8f93<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

BBC Greenland (2011) \u4e00\u6848\u6982\u62ec\u4e86\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u6cd5\u4e0b\u5173\u4e8e\u8239\u4e1c\u5bf9\u63d0\u5355\u9879\u4e0b\u7532\u677f\u8d27\u8fd0\u8f93\u514d\u8d23\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7406\u89e3\u8239\u4e1c\u5bf9\u63d0\u5355\u9879\u4e0b\u7532\u677f\u8d27\u514d\u8d23\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6743\u5229\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u4fdd\u8d54\u534f\u4f1a\u96c6\u56e2\u4e0b\u5c5e\u534f\u4f1a\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u4e2d\u90fd\u660e\u786e\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e0d\u627f\u4fdd\u7531\u7532\u677f\u8d27\u8fd0\u8f93\u800c\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u8239\u4e1c\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u6709\u884c\u4e1a\u60ef\u4f8b\u5141\u8bb8\u627f\u8fd0\u7532\u677f\u8d27\u3002<\/p>\n

\u672c\u6848\u4e2d\u63d0\u5355\u6761\u6b3e\u5982\u4e0b\uff0c<\/p>\n

\u63d0\u5355\u6b63\u9762\u6761\u6b3e\uff1a
a.  “\u6240\u6709\u7532\u677f\u8d27\u7684\u56fa\u6709\u8fd0\u8f93\u98ce\u9669\u7531\u6258\u8fd0\u4eba\/\u627f\u79df\u4eba\/\u6536\u8d27\u4eba\u627f\u62c5\uff0c\u6258\u8fd0\u4eba\/\u627f\u79df\u4eba\/\u6536\u8d27\u4eba\u660e\u793a\u653e\u5f03\u6240\u6709\u5173\u4e8e\u8239\u8236\u9002\u822a\u7684\u4fdd\u8bc1\u3002<\/p>\n

b.  \u63d0\u5355\u80cc\u9762\u6761\u6b3e\u4e2d\u7684\u8fd0\u8f93\u6761\u6b3e\u89c4\u5b9a\uff1a
“…\u9664\u975e\u53e6\u6709\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u627f\u8fd0\u4eba\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5bf9\u7532\u677f\u8d27\u7684\u635f\u5931\u6216\u635f\u5bb3\u4e0d\u8d1f\u6709\u8d23\u4efb”<\/p>\n

\u6cd5\u9662\u8003\u8651\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1a<\/p>\n

1.\u6536\u8d27\u4eba\u4e3b\u5f20\uff0c\u63d0\u5355\u6b63\u9762\u5173\u4e8e\u7532\u677f\u8d27\u8fd0\u8f93\u7684\u6761\u6b3e\uff0c\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u89c4\u5b9a\u6709\u5c06\u8d27\u7269\u8f7d\u4e8e\u7532\u677f\u4e0a\u7684\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u63d0\u5355\u4e0a\u660e\u786e\u8bb0\u8f7d\u8d27\u7269\u5c06\u88c5\u8f7d\u4e8e\u7532\u677f \u4e0a\uff0c\u624d\u5e94\u9002\u7528\u8fd9\u4e00\u6761\u6b3e\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u672c\u6848\u4e2d\u8d27\u7269\u5b9e\u9645\u88c5\u8f7d\u4e8e\u7532\u677f\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f46\u63d0\u5355\u4e2d\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u660e\u786e\u8bb0\u8f7d\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e0d\u9002\u7528\u63d0\u5355\u80cc\u9762\u8fd0\u8f93\u6761\u6b3e\u4e2d\u6709\u5173\u7532\u677f\u8d27\u8fd0\u8f93\u7684\u514d\u8d23\u6761\u6b3e\u3002\u6cd5\u9662\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u9664\u6709\u7279\u522b\u60c5\u51b5\u9700\u9002\u7528\u5916\uff0c\u63d0\u5355\u4e2d\u4e00\u822c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5c06\u8d27\u7269\u8f7d\u4e8e\u7532\u677f\u4e0a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u63d0\u5355\u6b63\u9762\u6761\u6b3e\u8bb0\u8f7d\u4e8e\u63d0\u5355\u6b63\u9762\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6807\u51c6\u8fd0\u8f93\u6761\u6b3e\u901a\u5e38\u5199\u5728\u63d0\u5355\u80cc\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n

2.\u6536\u8d27\u4eba\u4e3b\u5f20\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u63d0\u5355\u58f0\u660e\u8d27\u7269\u8f7d\u4e8e\u7532\u677f\u4e0a\uff0c\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u6cd5\u4e0b\u6839\u636e\u300a1971\u5e74\u82f1\u56fd\u6d77\u4e0a\u8d27\u7269\u8fd0\u8f93\u6cd5\u300b\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u514d\u9664\u7532\u677f\u8d27\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u300a1971\u5e74\u82f1\u56fd\u6d77\u4e0a\u8d27\u7269\u8fd0\u8f93\u6cd5\u300b\u89c4\u5b9a “…\u5982\u679c\u63d0\u5355\u5e76\u5165\u7684\u5408\u540c\u6216\u63d0\u5355\u8868\u9762\u8bb0\u8f7d…\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u7532\u677f\u8d27…\u8be5\u89c4\u5219…\u5c06\u751f\u6548\u6b63\u5982\uff08\u8be5\u89c4\u5219\uff09…\u6ca1\u6709\u6392\u9664\u7532\u677f\u8d27…\u8fd9\u90e8\u5206\u7684 “\u7532\u677f\u8d27” \u6307\u8fd0\u8f93\u5408\u540c\u4e0b\u7684\u8d27\u7269\u58f0\u660e\u5e76\u5b9e\u9645\u8f7d\u4e8e\u7532\u677f\u4e0a” \u3002\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u300a1971\u5e74\u82f1\u56fd\u6d77\u4e0a\u8d27\u7269\u8fd0\u8f93\u6cd5\u300b\u89c4\u5b9a\u627f\u8fd0\u4eba\u5bf9\u7532\u677f\u8d27\u8fd0\u8f93\u4e0d\u80fd\u514d\u8d23\u3002\u6cd5\u9662\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u300a1971\u5e74\u82f1\u56fd\u6d77\u4e0a\u8d27\u7269\u8fd0\u8f93\u6cd5\u300b\u4e0d\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u8be5\u8fd0\u8f93\u6761\u6b3e\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8be5\u6cd5\u6848\u6ca1\u6709\u5f3a\u5236\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u672c\u822a\u6b21\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u5951\u7ea6\u6027\u7684\u5e76\u5165\u63d0\u5355\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7ed3\u8bba\uff1a<\/p>\n

1.\u5f53\u8d27\u7269\u8f7d\u4e8e\u7532\u677f\u4e0a\u65f6\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u8fd0\u8f93\u6761\u6b3e\u4e2d\u6709\u5173\u7532\u677f\u8d27\u8fd0\u8f93\u7684\u514d\u8d23\u6761\u6b3e\u5916\uff0c\u5728\u63d0\u5355\u6b63\u9762\u660e\u786e\u8bb0\u8f7d\u8d27\u7269\u88c5\u8f7d\/\u6258\u8fd0\u4e8e\u7532\u677f\u4e0a\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u3002
2.\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u5c06\u300a1971\u5e74\u82f1\u56fd\u6d77\u4e0a\u8d27\u7269\u8fd0\u8f93\u6cd5\u300b\u5951\u7ea6\u6027\u7684\u5e76\u5165\u63d0\u5355\u5408\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7531 ANDREW LIU & CO.,LTD \u7f16\u8bd1\uff0c\u5e94\u4ee5\u82f1\u6587\u4e3a\u51c6\uff01<\/p>\n

\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\u8bf7\u53c2\u9605\u9644\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n


<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  ENG     CHN     The case of BBC Greenland (2011) summarises the position under English law on the owner’s ability to exclude liability for deck cargo carriage under the bill of lading.   Understanding the owner’s legal rights to exclude deck cargo liability under the bill of lading is very important as all P&I Club rules […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":9071,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[34],"tags":[125],"class_list":["post-10521","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-circulars","tag-english"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10521","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10521"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10521\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":20396,"href":"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10521\/revisions\/20396"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9071"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10521"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10521"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10521"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}