{"id":10538,"date":"2012-05-10T05:49:56","date_gmt":"2012-05-10T05:49:56","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/192.168.1.14\/index.php\/2012\/05\/10\/certificates-at-time-of-sale\/"},"modified":"2025-09-01T01:21:47","modified_gmt":"2025-08-31T17:21:47","slug":"certificates-at-time-of-sale","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/zh\/certificates-at-time-of-sale\/","title":{"rendered":"Certificates at time of sale"},"content":{"rendered":"

 <\/span>\"pdf\" <\/span>ENG<\/a>   \"pdf\" <\/span>\u4e2d\u6587<\/a>  <\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

New International and IMO requirements are increasingly required to be complied by vessels by a certain date in the future.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

When a vessel is sold, the question is whether the vessel must meet all such new regulations at the time of delivery when these regulations were not applicable to vessels at the time of the MOA sale contract.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

In the case of Polestar Maritime v YHM Shipping, a sale contract was concluded. At that time both sellers and buyers were aware all vessels had to obtain an International Pollution Prevention Certificate by September 2008, but the sellers had applied for a dispensation to obtain this certificate by that time and at the time of vessel’s delivery the vessel did not have an ISPP certificate as required for international trading. Between the conclusion of the MOA sale contract and the date of delivery the vessel’s market price had halved and the buyers refused to take delivery on the ground the sellers had failed to make the vessel seaworthy in obtaining an internationally compulsory trading certificate.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

The case went to arbitration where it was held the buyers were entitled to cancel the sale contract. This judgement was reversed in the High Court on the following reasoning.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Clause 11 of the Norwegian Saleform 1993 stated as follows :<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

“The vessel …….shall be delivered and taken over as she was at the time of inspection, fair wear and tear excepted.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

However the vessel shall be delivered with her class maintained….as well as other certificates the vessel had at the time of inspection, valid and unextended….at the time of delivery…..If the vessel is taken over without inspection the date of this Agreement shall be the relevant date.”<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

The judgement for the sellers was based on a strict interpretation of Clause 11 as Clause 11 said only the certificates at the time of inspection or MOA contract need to be valid. Additionally, the High Court said it would be commercially very difficult for the sellers to forsee the additional International requirements which would be required in the future after signing the MOA contract and the additional expenses of complying with these new requirements would not have been taken into account in the agreed sale price.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Comments :<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Sellers contracting under the Norwegian Saleform 1993 benefit in not being subjected to additional risk and expenses of complying with subsequent International and IMO requirements after the date of inspection or conclusion of the MOA sale contract.<\/li>\n
  2. The words in Clause 11 “…certificates the vessel had at the time of inspection…” could be amended by the buyers and sellers should be cautious to understand the legal consequences. A deletion of the words “…at the time of inspection…” would evidently place the sellers under an obligation to comply with all new International IMO requirements subsequent to the date of the MOA sale contract.<\/li>\n
  3. Clause 11 could also be amended to place on the sellers an obligation to comply with all new International requirements at the time of delivery, if these requirements were forseeable or known to be complied in the future at the time of inspection or date of the MOA sale contract.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

     <\/p>\n

    See attached file : ALCO20120034Certificates at time of sale.pdf<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    \u8239\u8236\u4e70\u5356\u65f6\u7684\u8bc1\u4e66<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    \u4eca\u540e\u8239\u8236\u9700\u8981\u9075\u5b88\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u65b0\u8981\u6c42\u53ca\u56fd\u9645\u6d77\u4e8b\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u65b0\u8981\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u51fa\u552e\u8239\u8236\u65f6\u5b58\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5373\u8239\u8236\u662f\u5426\u5fc5\u987b\u6ee1\u8db3\u4ea4\u8239\u65f6\u6240\u6709\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u65b0\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5728\u7b7e\u8ba2\u534f\u8bae\u5907\u5fd8\u5f55\uff08\u9500\u552e\u5408\u540c\uff09\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89c4\u5b9a\u5e76\u4e0d\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u8be5\u8239\u8236\u7684\u8bdd\u3002<\/p>\n

    Polestar Maritime v YHM Shipping \u4e00\u6848\u4e2d\uff0c\u9500\u552e\u5408\u540c\u5df2\u7ecf\u7b7e\u8ba2\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\uff0c\u4e70\u5356\u53cc\u65b9\u90fd\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\uff0c\u57282008\u5e749\u6708\u524d\u6240\u6709\u8239\u8236\u5fc5\u987b\u83b7\u5f97\u4e00\u4efd\u56fd\u9645\u9632\u6c61\u67d3\u8bc1\u4e66\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5356\u65b9\u5f53\u65f6\u5df2\u7ecf\u7533\u8bf7\u8c41\u514d\u8be5\u8bc1\u4e66\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u4ea4\u8239\u65f6\u8239\u8236\u4e0d\u5177\u6709\u8fdb\u884c\u56fd\u9645\u822a\u884c\u6240\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u300a\u56fd\u9645\u9632\u6b62\u751f\u6d3b\u6c61\u6c34\u6c61\u67d3\u8bc1\u4e66\u300b\uff08ISPP\uff09\u3002\u5728\u534f\u8bae\u5907\u5fd8\u5f55\uff08\u9500\u552e\u5408\u540c\uff09\u7b7e\u8ba2\u65e5\u4e0e\u4ea4\u8239\u65e5\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u8239\u8236\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u4ef7\u683c\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u4e00\u534a\uff0c\u4e70\u65b9\u56e0\u800c\u62d2\u7edd\u63a5\u53d7\u8239\u8236\uff0c\u7406\u7531\u662f\u5356\u65b9\u4e0d\u5177\u6709\u4f7f\u8239\u8236\u9002\u822a\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u822a\u884c\u5f3a\u5236\u8bc1\u4e66\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u8fd9\u4e00\u6848\u4ef6\u88ab\u63d0\u8bf7\u4ef2\u88c1\uff0c\u4ef2\u88c1\u88c1\u51b3\u4e70\u65b9\u6709\u6743\u53d6\u6d88\u9500\u552e\u5408\u540c\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u9ad8\u9662\u4f9d\u636e\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7406\u7531\u63a8\u7ffb\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u88c1\u51b3\u3002<\/p>\n

    1993\u5e74\u632a\u5a01\u8239\u8236\u4e70\u5356\u6807\u51c6\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u7b2c11\u6761\u89c4\u5b9a\uff1a<\/p>\n

    “\u8239\u8236……\u5728\u4ea4\u4ed8\u548c\u63a5\u53d7\u65f6\u5e94\u5f53\u5177\u6709\u68c0\u9a8c\u65f6\u7684\u76f8\u540c\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8239\u8236\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u78e8\u635f\u9664\u5916\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8239\u8236\u5728\u4ea4\u4ed8\u65f6\u5e94\u4fdd\u6301\u8239\u7ea7\u4e0d\u53d8\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5177\u6709\u8239\u8236\u5728\u68c0\u9a8c\u65f6\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u8bc1\u4e66\uff0c\u6709\u6548\u5e76\u4e14\u4e0d\u5904\u4e8e\u5c55\u671f\u671f\u95f4……\u4ea4\u4ed8\u65f6……\u5982\u679c\u8239\u8236\u6ca1\u6709\u63a5\u53d7\u68c0\u9a8c\uff0c\u672c\u534f\u8bae\u7b7e\u8ba2\u7684\u65e5\u671f\u4e3a\u76f8\u5173\u65e5\u671f\u3002”<\/p>\n

    \u5bf9\u4e8e\u5356\u65b9\u7684\u5224\u51b3\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u5bf9\u7b2c11\u6761\u7684\u4e25\u683c\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7b2c11\u6761\u4e2d\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u4ec5\u68c0\u9a8c\u65f6\u7684\u8bc1\u4e66\u6216\u8005\u534f\u8bae\u5907\u5fd8\u5f55\u5408\u540c\u7b7e\u8ba2\u65f6\u7684\u8bc1\u4e66\u9700\u6709\u6548\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u9ad8\u9662\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4ece\u5546\u4e1a\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u5356\u65b9\u5f88\u96be\u9884\u89c1\u7b7e\u8ba2\u534f\u8bae\u5907\u5fd8\u5f55\u5408\u540c\u4e4b\u540e\u51fa\u53f0\u7684\u989d\u5916\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e3a\u9075\u5b88\u65b0\u8981\u6c42\u800c\u652f\u51fa\u7684\u989d\u5916\u8d39\u7528\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u8003\u8651\u5728\u53cc\u65b9\u8ba4\u53ef\u7684\u9500\u552e\u4ef7\u683c\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u5efa\u8bae\uff1a<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. \u5356\u65b9\u6839\u636e1993\u5e74\u632a\u5a01\u8239\u8236\u4e70\u5356\u6807\u51c6\u683c\u5f0f\u7b7e\u8ba2\u5408\u540c\uff0c\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u627f\u62c5\u989d\u5916\u98ce\u9669\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e3a\u4e86\u9075\u5b88\u68c0\u9a8c\u65e5\u671f\u6216\u7b7e\u8ba2\u534f\u8bae\u5907\u5fd8\u5f55\uff08\u9500\u552e\u5408\u540c\uff09\u4e4b\u540e\u51fa\u53f0\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u6027\u8981\u6c42\u53ca\u56fd\u9645\u6d77\u4e8b\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8981\u6c42\u800c\u652f\u51fa\u8d39\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n
    2. \u7b2c11\u6761\u4e2d\u7684\u63aa\u8f9e “… \u8239\u8236\u68c0\u9a8c\u65f6\u7684\u8bc1\u4e66…” \u53ef\u4ee5\u7531\u4e70\u65b9\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u5356\u65b9\u5e94\u8c28\u614e\u7406\u89e3\u5176\u6cd5\u5f8b\u540e\u679c\u3002\u5220\u9664 “…\u68c0\u9a8c\u65f6…” \u7684\u5b57\u6837\uff0c\u5c06\u663e\u7136\u4f7f\u5356\u65b9\u6709\u4e49\u52a1\u9075\u5b88\u534f\u8bae\u5907\u5fd8\u5f55\uff08\u9500\u552e\u5408\u540c\uff09\u7b7e\u8ba2\u4e4b\u540e\u6240\u6709\u65b0\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u6027\u8981\u6c42\u53ca\u56fd\u9645\u6d77\u4e8b\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u3002<\/li>\n
    3. \u7b2c11\u6761\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u4fee\u6539\u4e3a\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5728\u68c0\u9a8c\u65f6\u6216\u7b7e\u8ba2\u534f\u8bae\u5907\u5fd8\u5f55\uff08\u9500\u552e\u5408\u540c\uff09\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9884\u89c1\u6216\u77e5\u9053\u8239\u8236\u65e5\u540e\u8981\u9075\u5b88\u4e00\u4e9b\u65b0\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u5219\u5356\u65b9\u6709\u4e49\u52a1\u786e\u4fdd\u5728\u4ea4\u8239\u65f6\u6ee1\u8db3\u6240\u6709\u65b0\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u8981\u6c42\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      \u4ee5\u4e0a\u7531 ANDREW LIU & CO.,LTD \u7f16\u8bd1\uff0c\u5e94\u4ee5\u82f1\u6587\u4e3a\u51c6\uff01<\/p>\n

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      <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n


      <\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        ENG    CHN     New International and IMO requirements are increasingly required to be complied by vessels by a certain date in the future.   When a vessel is sold, the question is whether the vessel must meet all such new regulations at the time of delivery when these regulations were not applicable to vessels at […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":9071,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[34],"tags":[125],"class_list":["post-10538","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-circulars","tag-english"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10538","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10538"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10538\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":20406,"href":"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10538\/revisions\/20406"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9071"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10538"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10538"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10538"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}