{"id":10707,"date":"2012-03-02T03:36:05","date_gmt":"2012-03-02T03:36:05","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/192.168.1.14\/index.php\/2012\/03\/02\/liability-for-stevedore-damages-of-cargo-loss\/"},"modified":"2025-09-01T01:21:49","modified_gmt":"2025-08-31T17:21:49","slug":"liability-for-stevedore-damages-of-cargo-loss","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/zh\/liability-for-stevedore-damages-of-cargo-loss\/","title":{"rendered":"Liability for Stevedore Damages of Cargo Loss"},"content":{"rendered":"

 <\/span>\"pdf\" <\/span>ENG<\/a>   \"pdf\" <\/span>\u4e2d\u6587<\/a>  <\/span><\/p>\n

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Some cargos are perhaps more susceptible to stevedore damage than others (i.e. bagged cargo, steel coils, paper rolls, wood pulp). Recently we received such a claim in which disputes arises between owners and charterers about the allocation of responsibility in C\/P. Other than cargo, stevedores may also cause damage to the vessels. Even though both owners and charterers may obtain their P&I entry, it is necessary to start at a fairly clear point. It is important for owners and charterers to negotiate about the allocation of liability arising from stevedore damages in the C\/P, in order to figure out their roles in the cargo operation.<\/p>\n

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It is the vessel owners who, under common law, are obliged to load, stow, trim and discharge the cargo. That means that responsibility for losses caused by the negligence of stevedores remains that with the owners. The owners can escape this liability on by proving that the charterers, on their part, acted in such a way as to break the chain of causation (i.e. interfering actively with the stevedoring operations) and with this intervention form charterers being immediate and proximate cause of the loss. Consequently, owners will endeavor to include a clause in the C\/P where these obligations are transferred to the charterers. On their side, the charterers will of course endeavor to have the responsibility for stevedore operations remain with the owners-even if charterers do accept responsibility for arranging and paying the stevedores. Arranging and paying for stevedores will usually not mean that responsibility for the operations as such are transferred to charterers.<\/p>\n

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Use the NYPE 46 form as an example, which includes clause 8 providing that: “Charterers are to load, stow and trim the cargo at their expense under supervision of the captain.” This clause therefore shifts the (primary) responsibility for cargo operation to charterers.<\/p>\n

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Despite the wording of clause 8 of the NYPE 46 form, the vessel’s master owes no positive duty to the charterers to supervise these operations. The responsibility for any stevedore damage will only be transferred back from the charterers to the owners if the master either actively interferes in the stevedoring operations or shows negligence by failing to intervene in the stevedoring operations where this would have been necessary to ensure the safety of the vessel, its crew or cargo.<\/p>\n

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Much will therefore depend on what evidence is available concerning the sequence of events, who did what and when, and what would (in some cases) be necessary to ensure the vessel’s safety etc.<\/p>\n

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Clause 8 is quite often itself amended in another way: the words “and responsibility” are added after the “supervision” in clause 8. In English law at least, this change results in the responsibility for stevedoring operations being transferred back to the owners. Stevedore damage clauses thus come in either incorporated in standard forms or as specially drafted rider clauses. This actually make the picture less clear since in some cases stevedore damage clauses were specially for the vessel damage only or related to incompetent stevedore (CLIPPER SAO LUIS case).<\/p>\n

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Similar considerations will have to be made in connection with voyage C\/Ps. Again, if the voyage C\/P has no express clause allocating responsibility for cargo operations, this will be an owners’ responsibility.<\/p>\n

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C\/Ps may often provide that charterers are to appoint or pay (or both) for stevedores but it does not actually specify whether owners or charterers are to be responsible for the cargo operations (stevedores).<\/p>\n

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In the context of voyage charterers, the courts have considered various types of wording some of which have been held not to transfer responsibility from owners to charterers and others where the words chosen did exactly that namely transferred responsibility from owners to charterers. Some of the cases listed below relate to time rather than voyage charter parties.<\/p>\n

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No transfer of responsibility from owners to charterers:<\/p>\n

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“Charterers being allowed to appoint a head stevedore at the expense and under the inspection and responsibility of the master for proper stowage” (The HELENE) (Sach v Ford) (Union Castle v Borderdale)<\/p>\n

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“Stevedores to be appointed by the charterers\u2026 but employed and paid for by the owners at a current rate” (Harris v Best)<\/p>\n

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“Cargo on delivery alongside to be received by the master\u2026 and to be at vessel’s risk\u2026Shipper for the sum of two dollars per load to appoint and pay any stevedore to load the cargo.” (Anderson v Crundalle)<\/p>\n

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“Cargo to be loaded, stowed and discharged free of expense to steamer, with use of steamer’s winch or winch men if required” (Ballantyne v Paton)<\/p>\n

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Transfer of responsibility from owners to charterers:<\/p>\n

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“Ship to be stowed by charterers’ stevedore at the expense and risk of the vessel (The CATHERINE CHALMERS)<\/p>\n

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“Charterers to provide and pay a stevedore to do the stowing of the cargo under the supervision of the master” (Brys & Gylsen v Drysdale)<\/p>\n

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“Charterers are to load, stow and trim the cargo at their expense under the supervision of the captain” (Courtline v Canadian Transport)<\/p>\n

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“Cargo to be loaded, discharged, trimmed and stowed free of any expense to the owners” (Government of Ceylon v Chandris)<\/p>\n

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Thus it is also important to figure out whether owners wish to transfer responsibility for cargo operations to charterers that a very clear clause to this effect is included in voyage C\/Ps. One such clause is the FIOST amendment to the clause 5 of the GENCON form.<\/p>\n

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See attached file : ALCO20120011Liability for Stevedore Damages of Cargo Loss.pdf<\/p>\n

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\u4ee5NYPE46\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u6b64\u5b9a\u671f\u79df\u8239\u6807\u51c6\u5408\u540c\u7b2c8\u6761\u90e8\u5206\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a “\u627f\u79df\u4eba\u5728\u8239\u957f\u7684\u76d1\u7763\u4e0b\u8fdb\u884c\u88c5\u8f7d\u3001\u79ef\u8f7d\u8d27\u7269\u548c\u5e73\u8231\uff0c\u5e76\u627f\u62c5\u5176\u8d39\u7528\u3002” \u6b64\u6761\u6b3e\u5c31\u5c06\u8d27\u7269\u88c5\u5378\u4f5c\u4e1a\u7684\uff08\u4e3b\u8981\uff09\u8d23\u4efb\u8f6c\u79fb\u7ed9\u4e86\u627f\u79df\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n

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“Charterers being allowed to appoint a head stevedore at the expense and under the inspection and responsibility of the master for proper stowage” (The HELENE) (Sach v Ford) (Union Castle v Borderdale)<\/p>\n

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“Stevedores to be appointed by the charterers\u2026 but employed and paid for by the owners at a current rate” (Harris v Best)<\/p>\n

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“Cargo on delivery alongside to be received by the master\u2026 and to be at vessel’s risk\u2026Shipper for the sum of two dollars per load to appoint and pay any stevedore to load the cargo.” (Anderson v Crundalle)<\/p>\n

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“Cargo to be loaded, stowed and discharged free of expense to steamer, with use of steamer’s winch or winch men if required” (Ballantyne v Paton)<\/p>\n

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\u5c06\u8d27\u7269\u88c5\u5378\u8d23\u4efb\u8f6c\u79fb\u81f3\u627f\u79df\u4eba\u7684\u8868\u8ff0\uff1a<\/p>\n

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“Ship to be stowed by charterers’ stevedore at the expense and risk of the vessel (The CATHERINE CHALMERS)<\/p>\n

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“Charterers to provide and pay a stevedore to do the stowing of the cargo under the supervision of the master” (Brys & Gylsen v Drysdale)<\/p>\n

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“Charterers are to load, stow and trim the cargo at their expense under the supervision of the captain” (Courtline v Canadian Transport)<\/p>\n

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“Cargo to be loaded, discharged, trimmed and stowed free of any expense to the owners” (Government of Ceylon v Chandris)<\/p>\n

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“Costs\u2026 free in and stowed \u2013 the charterers shall load and stow the cargo free of any expense whatsoever to the owners” (CHZ Role Impex v Eftavrysses (The PANAGHIA TINNOU))<\/p>\n

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\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7531 ANDREW LIU & CO.,LTD \u7f16\u8bd1\uff0c\u5e94\u4ee5\u82f1\u6587\u4e3a\u51c6\uff01<\/p>\n

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<\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  ENG    CHN   Some cargos are perhaps more susceptible to stevedore damage than others (i.e. bagged cargo, steel coils, paper rolls, wood pulp). Recently we received such a claim in which disputes arises between owners and charterers about the allocation of responsibility in C\/P. Other than cargo, stevedores may also cause damage to the vessels. Even […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":9071,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[34],"tags":[125],"class_list":["post-10707","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-circulars","tag-english"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10707","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10707"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10707\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":20482,"href":"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10707\/revisions\/20482"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9071"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10707"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10707"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10707"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}