{"id":10933,"date":"2011-05-26T16:00:00","date_gmt":"2011-05-26T16:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/192.168.1.14\/index.php\/2011\/05\/26\/%e6%8f%90%e5%8d%95%e6%89%b9%e6%b3%a8-%e8%a1%a8%e9%9d%a2%e7%8a%b6%e5%86%b5%e8%89%af%e5%a5%bd\/"},"modified":"2025-08-29T13:07:47","modified_gmt":"2025-08-29T05:07:47","slug":"%e6%8f%90%e5%8d%95%e6%89%b9%e6%b3%a8-%e8%a1%a8%e9%9d%a2%e7%8a%b6%e5%86%b5%e8%89%af%e5%a5%bd","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/zh\/%e6%8f%90%e5%8d%95%e6%89%b9%e6%b3%a8-%e8%a1%a8%e9%9d%a2%e7%8a%b6%e5%86%b5%e8%89%af%e5%a5%bd\/","title":{"rendered":"\u63d0\u5355\u6279\u6ce8 – “\u8868\u9762\u72b6\u51b5\u826f\u597d”"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"pdf\" \u4e2d\u6587  <\/a> \"pdf\" ENG<\/a><\/p>\n

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“\u8868\u9762\u72b6\u51b5\u826f\u597d”\u6307\u7ecf\u8fc7\u5408\u7406\u7684\u68c0\u67e5\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8d27\u7269\u7684\u8868\u9762\u72b6\u51b5\u826f\u597d\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u5e94\u6d89\u53ca\u8d27\u7269\u8d28\u91cf\u3002
\u8239\u957f\u867d\u975e\u8d27\u7269\u4e13\u5bb6\u6216\u68c0\u9a8c\u5458\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u8239\u957f\u6000\u7591\u6216\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u9002\u5f53\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u8239\u957f\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6000\u7591\u6216\u8d28\u7591\u6240\u88c5\u8fd0\u7684\u8d27\u7269\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u6216\u54c1\u540d\u4e0e\u53d1\u8d27\u4eba\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e0d\u7b26\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4ed6\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u5728\u63d0\u5355\u4e0a\u6279\u6ce8\u8d27\u7269”\u8868\u9762\u72b6\u51b5\u826f\u597d”\u3002
“\u8868\u9762\u72b6\u51b5\u826f\u597d”\u8fd8\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u8d27\u7269\u5305\u88c5\uff0c\u5373\u8d27\u7269\u5408\u7406\u5305\u88c5\u5e76\u80fd\u5bf9\u6297\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u822a\u884c\u98ce\u9669\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8d27\u7269\u5305\u88c5\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u5e94\u7b7e\u53d1\u6e05\u6d01\u63d0\u5355\uff0c\u5e76\u5e94\u5728\u63d0\u5355\u4e0a\u505a\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u6279\u6ce8\u3002
\u63d0\u5355\u6279\u6ce8\u7684\u7528\u8bcd\u5fc5\u987b\u660e\u786e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7528\u8bcd\u8fc7\u4e8e\u7b3c\u7edf\uff0c\u6cd5\u9662\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u4f5c\u51fa\u8d27\u7269\u8868\u9762\u72b6\u51b5\u826f\u597d\u7684\u8ba4\u5b9a\u3002\u57281946\u5e74\u7684Potts v Union Steamship Co of New Zealand\u6848\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u8d27\u7269\u5305\u88c5\u7834\u635f\u5f15\u8d77\u5077\u76d7\u98ce\u9669\uff0c\u8239\u957f\u4ec5\u5728\u63d0\u5355\u4e0a\u6279\u6ce8”\u5305\u88c5\u4e0d\u8db3”\uff0c\u800c\u8be5\u6279\u6ce8\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u6709\u6548\u9650\u5236”\u8868\u9762\u72b6\u51b5\u826f\u597d”\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u63d0\u5355\u6279\u6ce8\u7684\u7528\u8bcd\u5e94\u8be5\u5c3d\u91cf\u5177\u4f53\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c50\u5305\u7834\u635f\uff0c\u8d27\u7269\u88f8\u9732\u5728\u5916\u9762\uff0c\u6216\u800510%\u7684\u5305\u88c5\u7834\u635f\u3002
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<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

“Apparent good order and condition” \u2013 Bills of lading<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Although all carriers and master should be aware of their obligations to issue a bill of lading stating the “apparent order and condition” of the goods shipped, the following is a summary explaining and alerting shipowners and masters how this statement would be incorrectly described in a bill of lading.
The Hague or Hague Visby Rules state the carriers must state on the bill of lading the “Apparent order and condition” of the cargo of the goods shipped.<\/p>\n

“Apparent order and condition” relates to the condition of the goods apparent on a reasonable inspection, and not the quality of the cargo.
The master is not deemed to be a cargo expert or surveyor but he should not state on the bill of lading the cargo described by the shipper if he suspects this may not be case and if a reasonable experienced master would have suspected or queried the nature or description of cargo being shipped is not as described.
“Apparent good order and condition” also refers to the packing of the cargo. This is defined to mean the cargo is properly packed to withstand the ordinary risks of the voyage. If the cargo is not sufficiently packed, a clean bill of lading must not be issued and the bill should be claused.
The words used to clause the bill of lading must be clear. If the words used are too general or ambiguous the courts may presume that the cargo are represented to be in apparent good order and condition In the 1946 case of Potts v Union Steamship Co of New Zealand, the packages of a shipment were damaged causing a risk of pilferage. The master had only claused the bill of lading “packages insufficient” and this was held to be an ineffective qualification of “apparent order and condition of the cargo”. The words used to clause the bill of lading should be as specific as possible ie. 50 bags torn showing the contents of cargo, although sometime it is necessary to give estimates ie. 10% torn.
Andrew Liu & Co. Ltd
The words used to clause the bill of lading must be stated on the front of the bill of lading. If the clausing or qualification is stated on the back of the bill of lading, it was held such a bill of lading is still a clean bill of lading.
A bill of lading which was claused on the front of the bill of lading with specific remarks about the cargo damage but the bill of lading was also stamped “Clean on board” was held to be a clean bill of lading and the claused remarks or qualification offered no protection to carriers.
Remarks such as “all particulars supplied by the shippers but unknown to the carrier” or “weight, measure, quality, condition, contents unknown” are useful to offer some protection to the carrier if these details cannot be verified by reasonable examination by the master but if such details can be verified by the master, such remarks would offer no protection.
Ship to ship transfers of personnel are day to day occurrences in the shipping industry and have been for centuries. Therefore it is alarming that in this day and age of safety culture, regulation and inspection that catastrophic injuries and even fatalities still occur. Following a recent highly publicised case of a severely injured woman passenger being medically evacuated to a coast guard rescue vessel only to be dropped into arctic waters the UK Maritime authority, the Marine and Coastguard Agency (MCA) have recently issued a Marine Guidance Notice (MGN 432(M+F)) on the Safety during Transfers of Persons to and from Ships. This guidance note is issued to supplement regulation already in force in the United Kingdom but is good guidance to the maritime sector in general highlighting some of the important areas and provision that should be addressed prior to a vessel undertaking this type of operation. The Club would like to take this opportunity to highlight the severity of these cases and promote good working practices in this area Details please refer to circular 2.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

 CHN    ENG \u867d\u7136\u627f\u8fd0\u4eba\u548c\u8239\u957f\u5e94\u8be5\u90fd\u77e5\u9053\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u63d0\u5355\u4e0a\u6ce8\u660e\u6240\u88c5\u8fd0\u7684\u8d27\u7269”\u8868\u9762\u72b6\u51b5\u826f\u597d”\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u60f3\u63d0\u9192\u8239\u4e1c\u548c\u8239\u957f\uff0c\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u6279\u6ce8”\u8868\u9762\u72b6\u51b5\u826f\u597d”\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u4e0d\u6b63\u786e\u3002\u6d77\u7259\u6216\u6d77\u7259\u7ef4\u65af\u6bd4\u89c4\u5219\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u8239\u4e1c\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u63d0\u5355\u4e0a\u5217\u660e\u6240\u627f\u8fd0\u7684\u8d27\u7269”\u8868\u9762\u72b6\u51b5\u826f\u597d”\u3002 “\u8868\u9762\u72b6\u51b5\u826f\u597d”\u6307\u7ecf\u8fc7\u5408\u7406\u7684\u68c0\u67e5\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8d27\u7269\u7684\u8868\u9762\u72b6\u51b5\u826f\u597d\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u5e94\u6d89\u53ca\u8d27\u7269\u8d28\u91cf\u3002\u8239\u957f\u867d\u975e\u8d27\u7269\u4e13\u5bb6\u6216\u68c0\u9a8c\u5458\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u8239\u957f\u6000\u7591\u6216\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u9002\u5f53\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u8239\u957f\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6000\u7591\u6216\u8d28\u7591\u6240\u88c5\u8fd0\u7684\u8d27\u7269\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u6216\u54c1\u540d\u4e0e\u53d1\u8d27\u4eba\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e0d\u7b26\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4ed6\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u5728\u63d0\u5355\u4e0a\u6279\u6ce8\u8d27\u7269”\u8868\u9762\u72b6\u51b5\u826f\u597d”\u3002“\u8868\u9762\u72b6\u51b5\u826f\u597d”\u8fd8\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u8d27\u7269\u5305\u88c5\uff0c\u5373\u8d27\u7269\u5408\u7406\u5305\u88c5\u5e76\u80fd\u5bf9\u6297\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u822a\u884c\u98ce\u9669\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8d27\u7269\u5305\u88c5\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u5e94\u7b7e\u53d1\u6e05\u6d01\u63d0\u5355\uff0c\u5e76\u5e94\u5728\u63d0\u5355\u4e0a\u505a\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u6279\u6ce8\u3002\u63d0\u5355\u6279\u6ce8\u7684\u7528\u8bcd\u5fc5\u987b\u660e\u786e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7528\u8bcd\u8fc7\u4e8e\u7b3c\u7edf\uff0c\u6cd5\u9662\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u4f5c\u51fa\u8d27\u7269\u8868\u9762\u72b6\u51b5\u826f\u597d\u7684\u8ba4\u5b9a\u3002\u57281946\u5e74\u7684Potts v Union Steamship Co of New Zealand\u6848\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u8d27\u7269\u5305\u88c5\u7834\u635f\u5f15\u8d77\u5077\u76d7\u98ce\u9669\uff0c\u8239\u957f\u4ec5\u5728\u63d0\u5355\u4e0a\u6279\u6ce8”\u5305\u88c5\u4e0d\u8db3”\uff0c\u800c\u8be5\u6279\u6ce8\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u6709\u6548\u9650\u5236”\u8868\u9762\u72b6\u51b5\u826f\u597d”\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u63d0\u5355\u6279\u6ce8\u7684\u7528\u8bcd\u5e94\u8be5\u5c3d\u91cf\u5177\u4f53\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c50\u5305\u7834\u635f\uff0c\u8d27\u7269\u88f8\u9732\u5728\u5916\u9762\uff0c\u6216\u800510%\u7684\u5305\u88c5\u7834\u635f\u3002\u63d0\u5355\u6279\u6ce8\u5e94\u8be5\u5199\u5728\u63d0\u5355\u6b63\u9762\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4ec5\u5728\u63d0\u5355\u80cc\u9762\u6279\u6ce8\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8be5\u63d0\u5355\u4f1a\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u6e05\u6d01\u63d0\u5355\u3002\u63d0\u5355\u6b63\u9762\u5982\u6709\u8d27\u635f\u6279\u6ce8\uff0c\u4f46\u63d0\u5355\u540c\u65f6\u52a0\u76d6\u6e05\u6d01\u63d0\u5355\u5370\u7ae0\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8be5\u63d0\u5355\u8fd8\u662f\u4f1a\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u6e05\u6d01\u63d0\u5355\u3002\u800c\u8be5\u6279\u6ce8\u5219\u8d77\u4e0d\u5230\u4fdd\u62a4\u8239\u4e1c\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6279\u6ce8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ee5\u8d77\u5230\u4fdd\u62a4\u627f\u8fd0\u4eba\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5982\uff1a”\u6240\u6709\u660e\u7ec6\u7531\u53d1\u8d27\u4eba\u63d0\u4f9b\u627f\u8fd0\u4eba\u5e76\u4e0d\u77e5\u60c5”\u6216”\u91cd\u91cf\u3001\u5c3a\u5bf8\u3001\u8d28\u91cf\u3001\u54c1\u540d\u3001\u5185\u5bb9\u672a\u77e5”\uff0c\u4f46\u4ec5\u9650\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u660e\u7ec6\u65e0\u6cd5\u7531\u8239\u957f\u7ecf\u7531\u91c7\u53d6\u5408\u7406\u7684\u68c0\u67e5\u624b\u6bb5\u6838\u5b9e\u4e3a\u9650\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u660e\u7ec6\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u6838\u5b9e\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8be5\u6279\u6ce8\u4ea6\u8d77\u4e0d\u5230\u4fdd\u62a4\u4f5c\u7528\u3002 “Apparent good order and condition” \u2013 Bills of lading Although all carriers and master should be aware of their obligations to issue a bill of lading stating the “apparent order and condition” of the goods shipped, the following is a summary explaining and alerting shipowners […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":9071,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[34],"tags":[124],"class_list":["post-10933","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-circulars","tag-chinese"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10933","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10933"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10933\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":20615,"href":"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10933\/revisions\/20615"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9071"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10933"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10933"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10933"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}