{"id":14220,"date":"2019-04-15T02:35:00","date_gmt":"2019-04-15T02:35:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/192.168.1.14\/index.php\/2019\/04\/15\/maritime-autonomous-surface-ships-identifying-and-covering-the-risks\/"},"modified":"2025-09-01T01:19:52","modified_gmt":"2025-08-31T17:19:52","slug":"maritime-autonomous-surface-ships-identifying-and-covering-the-risks","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/zh\/maritime-autonomous-surface-ships-identifying-and-covering-the-risks\/","title":{"rendered":"Maritime autonomous surface ships &#8211; identifying and covering the risks"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-size: 12.6316px; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.6316px; text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/span><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-9071\" style=\"font-size: 12.6316px; text-align: justify;\" src=\"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/06\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" \/><span style=\"font-size: 12.6316px; text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/span><a style=\"font-size: 12.6316px; text-align: justify;\" href=\"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/Maritime-autonomous-surface-ships-identifying-and-covering-the-risks.pdf\">ENG<\/a><span style=\"font-size: 12.6316px; text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/span>&nbsp;<\/span><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-9071\" style=\"font-size: 12.6316px; text-align: justify;\" src=\"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/06\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" \/><span style=\"font-size: 12.6316px; text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/span><a style=\"font-size: 12.6316px; text-align: justify;\" href=\"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/Maritime-autonomous-surface-ships-identifying-and-covering-the-risks_CN.pdf\">\u4e2d\u6587<\/a><span style=\"font-size: 12.6316px; text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Gard\u2019s previous article highlighted the development of Maritime Autonomous Surface Ship (MASS) in Norway and Finland with the YARA BIRKELAND and FinFerries\u2019 FALCO projects. In this article, we focus on the challenges of adapting the existing regulatory regime and traditional marine insurance policy wordings to autonomous vessels.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>What do we mean by \u2018autonomous\u2019?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The International Maritime Organisation (IMO) recognises that autonomy is a \u2018spectrum\u2019 yet, for the purposes of examining regulatory changes, it has defined a MASS as a ship which, to a varying degree, can operate independent of human interaction. For present purposes the IMO has established the following four degrees of autonomy:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">See attached file: Maritime autonomous surface ships &#8211; identifying and covering the risks.pdf<\/p>\n<p style=\"border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-size: 12px; text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-size: 12px; text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt; color: #022469;\"><strong>\u6d77\u9762\u81ea\u4e3b\u822a\u884c\u8239\u8236 &#8211; \u98ce\u9669\u7684\u8bc6\u522b\u4e0e\u4fdd\u9669<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u5728Gard\u534f\u4f1a\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4ee5YARA BIRKELAND\u8f6e\u548cFinFerries\u7684FALCO\u53f7\u9879\u76ee\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u91cd\u70b9\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u632a\u5a01\u548c\u82ac\u5170\u6d77\u9762\u81ea\u4e3b\u822a\u884c\u8239\u8236\uff08MASS\uff09\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u5728\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e3a\u987a\u5e94\u81ea\u4e3b\u822a\u884c\u8239\u8236\u7684\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u7740\u91cd\u8ba8\u8bba\u5bf9\u73b0\u6709\u76d1\u7ba1\u5236\u5ea6\u548c\u4f20\u7edf\u6d77\u4e0a\u4fdd\u9669\u5355\u7528\u8bcd\u4f5c\u51fa\u8c03\u6574\u65f6\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u6311\u6218\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u201c\u81ea\u4e3b\u201d\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u610f\u601d\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u56fd\u9645\u6d77\u4e8b\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\uff0c\u81ea\u4e3b\u6709\u7740\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u8303\u56f4\uff1b\u4e3a\u4e86\u8003\u5bdf\u76d1\u7ba1\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u5176\u5df2\u5c06MASS\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u4eba\u673a\u4ea4\u4e92\u800c\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u8239\u8236\u3002\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u56fd\u9645\u6d77\u4e8b\u7ec4\u7ec7\u786e\u7acb\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e0b\u56db\u4e2a\u81ea\u4e3b\u7b49\u7ea7\uff1a<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\u8bf7\u53c2\u9605\u9644\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;ENG&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;CHN&nbsp;&nbsp; Gard\u2019s previous article highlighted the development of Maritime Autonomous Surface Ship (MASS) in Norway and Finland with the YARA BIRKELAND and FinFerries\u2019 FALCO projects. In this article, we focus on the challenges of adapting the existing regulatory regime and traditional marine insurance policy wordings to autonomous vessels. What do we mean by \u2018autonomous\u2019? The [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":210,"featured_media":9071,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[34],"tags":[125],"class_list":["post-14220","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-circulars","tag-english"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14220","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/210"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14220"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14220\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18110,"href":"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14220\/revisions\/18110"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9071"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14220"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14220"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14220"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}