{"id":24738,"date":"2026-08-27T18:46:02","date_gmt":"2026-08-27T10:46:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/?p=24738"},"modified":"2026-08-27T18:46:04","modified_gmt":"2026-08-27T10:46:04","slug":"%e8%88%aa%e8%bf%90%e4%bf%9d%e9%99%a9%e4%b8%ad%e7%9a%84%e7%a2%b0%e6%92%9e%e4%b8%8e%e8%a7%a6%e7%a2%b0%e8%b4%a3%e4%bb%bb%e9%a3%8e%e9%99%a9%e7%ae%80%e4%bb%8b%ef%bc%88%e4%b8%8a%ef%bc%89","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/zh\/%e8%88%aa%e8%bf%90%e4%bf%9d%e9%99%a9%e4%b8%ad%e7%9a%84%e7%a2%b0%e6%92%9e%e4%b8%8e%e8%a7%a6%e7%a2%b0%e8%b4%a3%e4%bb%bb%e9%a3%8e%e9%99%a9%e7%ae%80%e4%bb%8b%ef%bc%88%e4%b8%8a%ef%bc%89\/","title":{"rendered":"\u822a\u8fd0\u4fdd\u9669\u4e2d\u7684\u78b0\u649e\u4e0e\u89e6\u78b0\u8d23\u4efb\u98ce\u9669\u7b80\u4ecb\uff08\u4e0a\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-size: 13.3333px; text-align: justify;\">\u00a0<span style=\"font-size: 13.3333px; text-align: justify;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-9071\" style=\"font-size: 12.6316px;\" src=\"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/06\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/wp-content\/uploads\/Introduction-to-Collision-FFO-Liability-Risks-in-Marine-Insurance-Part-I.pdf\">\u00a0ENG<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-9071\" style=\"text-align: justify; font-size: 12.6316px;\" src=\"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/06\/pdf.png\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" \/><span style=\"font-size: 13.3333px; text-align: justify;\">\u00a0<\/span><a style=\"font-size: 13.3333px; text-align: justify;\" href=\"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/wp-content\/uploads\/\u822a\u8fd0\u4fdd\u9669\u4e2d\u7684\u78b0\u649e\u4e0e\u89e6\u78b0\u8d23\u4efb\u98ce\u9669\u7b80\u4ecb\uff08\u4e0a\uff09.pdf\">\u4e2d\u6587<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12px;\">\u6d77\u4e0a\u822a\u884c\u73af\u5883\u590d\u6742\u591a\u53d8\uff0c\u8239\u8236\u5728\u8fdb\u51fa\u6e2f\u53e3\u53ca\u72ed\u6c34\u9053\u822a\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u78b0\u649e\u4e0e\u89e6\u78b0\u4e8b\u6545\u5c5e\u4e8e\u9ad8\u53d1\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u8d23\u4efb\u98ce\u9669\u3002\u5728\u822a\u8fd0\u4fdd\u9669\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\uff0c&#8221;\u78b0\u649e&#8221;\uff08Collision\uff09\u4e0e&#8221;\u89e6\u78b0&#8221;\uff08FFO\uff09\u867d\u5e38\u88ab\u5e76\u79f0\uff0c\u4f46\u4e8c\u8005\u627f\u4fdd\u8303\u56f4\u53ca\u635f\u5931\u8d54\u4ed8\u6807\u51c6\u5b58\u5728\u672c\u8d28\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u4fdd\u9669\u6761\u6b3e\u4f53\u7cfb\uff08\u5982\u4e2d\u56fdPICC\u8fdc\u6d0b\u8239\u8236\u9669\u3001\u6cbf\u6d77\u5185\u6cb3\u8239\u8236\u9669\u3001\u82f1\u56fdITC Hulls\u8239\u8236\u9669\u53ca\u4fdd\u8d54\u9669(P&amp;I\uff09\u5728\u78b0\u649e\u4e0e\u89e6\u78b0\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u627f\u4fdd\u5b89\u6392\u4e0a\u4ea6\u6709\u663e\u8457\u533a\u522b\u3002\u5398\u6e05\u5dee\u5f02\u5e76\u79d1\u5b66\u914d\u7f6e\u8239\u8236\u9669\u4e0e\u4fdd\u8d54\u9669\uff0c\u5bf9\u8239\u4e1c\u6709\u6548\u7ba1\u63a7\u4e8b\u6545\u635f\u5931\u3001\u9ad8\u6548\u5f00\u5c55\u4fdd\u9669\u7406\u8d54\u548c\u78b0\u649e\u8d23\u4efb\u6297\u8fa9\u5177\u6709\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u73b0\u5b9e\u610f\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12px;\">\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\u8bf7\u53c2\u9605\u9644\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Introduction to Collision &amp; FFO Liability Risks in Marine Insurance (Part I)<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>The maritime navigation environment is complex and ever-changing. During port entries, departures, and transit through narrow channels, collision and FFO incidents represent high-frequency third-party liability risks. In marine insurance practice, Collision and &#8220;FFO&#8221; (Fixed and Floating Objects), though often mentioned together, differ fundamentally in terms of insurance coverage and indemnities. Meanwhile, different insurance clause such as China&#8217;s PICC Ocean-going Hull Insurance, PICC Coastal and Inland Vessel Insurance, the English ITC Hulls Clause, and Protection and Indemnity (P&amp;I) insurance \u2014 also differ significantly in their underwriting arrangement for the RDC (\u201cRuning Down Clause\u201d) &amp; FFO liabilities. Understanding of these differences and the risk placement of the Hull &amp; Machinery (H&amp;M) and P&amp;I insurance is of critical practical importance for shipowners to manage losses, handle insurance claims, and defend against third party liability claims more effectively and efficiently.<\/p>\n<p>Please see attached file for details.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00a0\u00a0ENG\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0CHN \u6d77\u4e0a\u822a\u884c\u73af\u5883\u590d\u6742\u591a\u53d8\uff0c\u8239\u8236\u5728\u8fdb\u51fa\u6e2f\u53e3\u53ca\u72ed\u6c34\u9053\u822a\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u78b0\u649e\u4e0e\u89e6\u78b0\u4e8b\u6545\u5c5e\u4e8e\u9ad8\u53d1\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u8d23\u4efb\u98ce\u9669\u3002\u5728\u822a\u8fd0\u4fdd\u9669\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\uff0c&#8221;\u78b0\u649e&#8221;\uff08Collision\uff09\u4e0e&#8221;\u89e6\u78b0&#8221;\uff08FFO\uff09\u867d\u5e38\u88ab\u5e76\u79f0\uff0c\u4f46\u4e8c\u8005\u627f\u4fdd\u8303\u56f4\u53ca\u635f\u5931\u8d54\u4ed8\u6807\u51c6\u5b58\u5728\u672c\u8d28\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u4fdd\u9669\u6761\u6b3e\u4f53\u7cfb\uff08\u5982\u4e2d\u56fdPICC\u8fdc\u6d0b\u8239\u8236\u9669\u3001\u6cbf\u6d77\u5185\u6cb3\u8239\u8236\u9669\u3001\u82f1\u56fdITC Hulls\u8239\u8236\u9669\u53ca\u4fdd\u8d54\u9669(P&amp;I\uff09\u5728\u78b0\u649e\u4e0e\u89e6\u78b0\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u627f\u4fdd\u5b89\u6392\u4e0a\u4ea6\u6709\u663e\u8457\u533a\u522b\u3002\u5398\u6e05\u5dee\u5f02\u5e76\u79d1\u5b66\u914d\u7f6e\u8239\u8236\u9669\u4e0e\u4fdd\u8d54\u9669\uff0c\u5bf9\u8239\u4e1c\u6709\u6548\u7ba1\u63a7\u4e8b\u6545\u635f\u5931\u3001\u9ad8\u6548\u5f00\u5c55\u4fdd\u9669\u7406\u8d54\u548c\u78b0\u649e\u8d23\u4efb\u6297\u8fa9\u5177\u6709\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u73b0\u5b9e\u610f\u4e49\u3002 \u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\u8bf7\u53c2\u9605\u9644\u4ef6\u3002 Introduction to Collision &amp; FFO Liability Risks in Marine Insurance (Part I) &nbsp; The maritime navigation environment is complex and ever-changing. During port entries, departures, and transit through narrow channels, collision and FFO incidents represent high-frequency third-party liability risks. In marine insurance practice, Collision and &#8220;FFO&#8221; (Fixed and Floating Objects), though [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":350,"featured_media":9071,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[34],"tags":[125],"class_list":["post-24738","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-circulars","tag-english"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24738","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/350"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=24738"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24738\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":24748,"href":"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24738\/revisions\/24748"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9071"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=24738"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=24738"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=24738"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}