{"id":9316,"date":"2012-02-02T10:51:24","date_gmt":"2012-02-02T10:51:24","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/192.168.1.14\/index.php\/2012\/02\/02\/%e4%bc%8a%e6%9c%97%e5%88%b6%e8%a3%81\/"},"modified":"2025-08-29T13:07:17","modified_gmt":"2025-08-29T05:07:17","slug":"%e4%bc%8a%e6%9c%97%e5%88%b6%e8%a3%81","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/zh\/%e4%bc%8a%e6%9c%97%e5%88%b6%e8%a3%81\/","title":{"rendered":"\u4f0a\u6717\u5236\u88c1"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp;<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-9071\" src=\"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/06\/pdf.png\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" alt=\"pdf\" \/>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/02\/B176_ALCO20120002Iran-Sanctions-chi.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"line-height: 24px; text-align: justify;\">\u4e2d\u6587<\/a>&nbsp; &nbsp;<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-9071\" src=\"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/06\/pdf.png\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" alt=\"pdf\" \/>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/02\/B176_ALCO20120002Iran-Sanctions.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"line-height: 24px; text-align: justify;\">ENG<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u975e\u7f8e\u56fd\u53ca\u975e\u6b27\u76df\u516c\u53f8\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u9075\u5b88\u7f8e\u56fd\u548c\u6b27\u76df\u9488\u5bf9\u4f0a\u6717\u7684\u5236\u88c1\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u6211\u4eec\u5efa\u8bae\u8239\u8236\u5728\u6267\u884c\u524d\u5f80\u4f0a\u6717\u7684\u822a\u6b21\u524d\u83b7\u5f97\u4fdd\u8d54\u534f\u4f1a\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\u548c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u610f\u89c1\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u534f\u4f1a\u7ed9\u51fa\u7684\u610f\u89c1\u53ea\u5177\u6709\u6307\u5bfc\u6027\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u4e2a\u4eba\u6216\u673a\u6784\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u67d0\u4e2a\u822a\u6b21\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u3001\u6b27\u76df\u53ca\u7f8e\u56fd\u662f\u5236\u88c1\u4f0a\u6717\u7684\u4e09\u5927\u673a\u6784\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u8bf7\u89c1\u4e0b\u6587\u603b\u7ed3\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u745e\u58eb\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u3001\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u548c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4e5f\u5ba3\u5e03\u4e86\u5176\u5236\u88c1\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u8054\u5408\u56fd<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>2006\u5e74\u81f32010\u5e74\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u9488\u5bf9\u4f0a\u6717\u62d2\u7edd\u4e0e\u56fd\u9645\u539f\u5b50\u80fd\u534f\u4f1a(IAEA)\u5408\u4f5c\u5df2\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u56db\u6b21\u5236\u88c1\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5236\u88c1\u5305\u62ec\u7981\u6b62\u5411\u4f0a\u6717\u63d0\u4f9b\u6b66\u5668\u53ca\u6838\u76f8\u5173\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u7981\u6b62\u4f0a\u6717\u6b66\u5668\u51fa\u53e3\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e9b\u516c\u53f8\u548c\u4e2a\u4eba\u5b9e\u884c\u8d44\u4ea7\u51bb\u7ed3\u3002<\/li>\n<li>2010\u5e74\u901a\u8fc7\u7684\u51b3\u8bae\u5141\u8bb8\u6b27\u76df\u5b9e\u884c\u68c0\u67e5\u4ee5\u68c0\u6d4b\u548c\u963b\u6b62\u8fd9\u7c7b\u8d38\u6613\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u6b27\u76df<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u6b27\u76df\u5236\u88c1\u5305\u62ec\u7981\u6b62\u53ef\u80fd\u7528\u4e8e\u5236\u9020[\u6838]\u94c0\u6d53\u7f29\uff08uranium enrichment\uff09\u7684\u8d27\u7269\u7684\u8d38\u6613\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6b27\u76df\u4e5f\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e9b\u516c\u53f8\u548c\u4e2a\u4eba\u5b9e\u884c\u8d44\u4ea7\u51bb\u7ed3\u3002<\/li>\n<li>2011\u5e74\uff0c\u6b27\u76df\u901a\u8fc7\u51b3\u8bae\u7981\u6b62\u5411\u4f0a\u6717\u51fa\u53e3\u7528\u4e8e\u7cbe\u70bc\u548c\u751f\u4ea7\u5929\u7136\u6c14\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u548c\u6280\u672f\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5728\u6b27\u76df\u6cd5\u4e0b\u5411\u4efb\u4f55\u4f0a\u6717\u5b9e\u4f53\u6216\u4e2a\u4eba\u63d0\u4f9b\u4efb\u4f55\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u62c5\u4fdd\u662f\u4e0d\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u7f8e\u56fd<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u7f8e\u56fd\u5236\u88c1\u7981\u6b62\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u4e0e\u4f0a\u6717\u7684\u8d38\u6613\uff0c\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u4f8b\u5916\u662f\u8be5\u884c\u4e3a\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u4f0a\u6717\u4eba\u6c11\uff0c\u5982\u51fa\u53e3\u533b\u7597\u548c\u519c\u4e1a\u8bbe\u5907\u3002<\/li>\n<li>2011\u5e7411\u6708\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u6269\u5927\u4e0e\u4f0a\u6717\u77f3\u6cb9\u548c\u77f3\u5316\u4ea7\u4e1a\u6709\u5173\u7684\u5236\u88c1\u3002<\/li>\n<li>2011\u5e7412\u6708\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7981\u6b62\u4e0e\u4f0a\u6717\u4e2d\u592e\u94f6\u884c\u4ea4\u6613\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7f8e\u56fd\u6cd5\u6848\uff08The Comprehensive Iran Sanctions\uff0cAccountability and Divestment Act 2010) \u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4fdd\u8d39\u5c11\u4e8e\u4e00\u767e\u4e07\u7f8e\u91d1\u7684\u4fdd\u9669\u662f\u4e0d\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7f8e\u56fd\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7981\u6b62\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\/\u516c\u53f8\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u8d22\u653f\u90e8\u5916\u56fd\u8d44\u4ea7\u63a7\u5236\u529e\u516c\u5ba4 \uff08OFAC\uff09\u516c\u5e03\u540d\u5355\u4e2d\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u548c\u516c\u53f8\u4ea4\u6613\u3002\u540d\u5355\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7f51\u5740\u627e\u5230\uff1a <br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/resource-center\/sanctions\/SDN-List\/Pages\/default.aspx\" target=\"_blank\"> www.treasury.gov\/resource-center\/sanctions\/SDN-List\/Pages\/default.aspx<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">2012\u5e741\u6708\uff0c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u58f0\u660e\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c06\u62d2\u7edd\u4efb\u4f55\u5bf9\u4f0a\u6717\u7684\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5236\u88c1\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u3001\u5370\u5ea6\u548c\u571f\u8033\u5176\u4e5f\u4f5c\u51fa\u540c\u6837\u7684\u58f0\u660e\u3002\u9274\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u548c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u5728\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u5b89\u7406\u4f1a\u6709\u5426\u51b3\u6743\uff0c\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u901a\u8fc7\u7981\u6b62\u4f0a\u6717\u77f3\u6cb9\u8d38\u6613\u7684\u5236\u88c1\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u4e0d\u5927\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u6b63\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5728\u603b\u7ed3\u4e2d\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u5236\u88c1\u6ca1\u6709\u83b7\u5f97\u901a\u8fc7, \u7f8e\u56fd\u548c\u6b27\u76df\u90fd\u4ecd\u5c06\u7ee7\u7eed\u6267\u884c\u548c\u5f3a\u52a0\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5236\u88c1\u4e8e\u5916\u56fd\u5b9e\u4f53\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u603b\u7ed3<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<ol>\n<li>\u9075\u5b88\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u5236\u88c1\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u4ec5\u9075\u5b88\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u51b3\u8bae\u53ef\u80fd\u5e76\u4e0d\u96be\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6b27\u76df\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5f3a\u52a0\u7684\u989d\u5916\u5236\u88c1\u5374\u66f4\u52a0\u5e7f\u6cdb\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5236\u88c1\u5c06\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u4e5f\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5916\u56fd\u5b9e\u4f53(\u975e\u7f8e\u56fd\u548c\u975e\u6b27\u76df\u5b9e\u4f53)\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5c3d\u7ba1\u7f8e\u56fd\u6cd5\u5f8b\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e0d\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u7ba1\u8f96\u65e0\u5173\u7684\u8239\u4e1c\u3001\u79df\u5bb6\u6216\u8005\u8239\u8236\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5141\u8bb8\u5236\u88c1\u6269\u5927\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5916\u56fd\u5b9e\u4f53\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6269\u5927\u5236\u88c1\u8303\u56f4\u5230\u5916\u56fd\u5b9e\u4f53\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u5a01\u80c1\u5c06\u5bfc\u81f4\u5916\u56fd\u5b9e\u4f53\uff0c\u8bf8\u5982\u5916\u56fd\u4fdd\u9669\u4eba\uff0c\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u4e25\u683c\u9075\u5b88\u7f8e\u56fd\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u540c\u6837, \u6240\u6709\u8239\u4e1c\u548c\u79df\u5bb6\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u9075\u5b88\u6b27\u76df\u6cd5\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0e\u6b27\u76df\u6ca1\u6709\u5173\u8054\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u6d77\u4e0a\u4fdd\u9669\u6700\u7ec8\u4f1a\u5728\u4f26\u6566\u6216\u6b27\u6d32\u5e02\u573a\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u518d\u4fdd\u9669\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/ol>\n<p><span style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\u8bf7\u53c2\u9605\u9644\u4ef6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-align: justify;\"><br \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; color: #022469;\"><strong><span style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"text-align: justify;\">Iran Sanctions<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Non US and non EU companies must also comply with US and EU sanctions.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The P&amp;I Club&#8217;s guidance and possibly legal advice need to be obtained before the vessel trades to Iran, but I am sure the advices give by any party would be in the nature of a guidance only as no party will be in a position to guarantee whether a voyage is or is not lawful.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The UN, EU and US are the three important bodies or countries who have imposed sanctions on Iran, brief details summarized below. Several other countries including Switzerland, Japan, Australia and Canada have also issued their own sanctions.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>The United Nations<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>The UN has issued four rounds of sanctions between 2006 and 2010 for Iran&#8217;s refusal to cooperate with the International Atomic Energy Association (IAEA).<\/li>\n<li>These sanctions include a ban on supply of weaponry and nuclear related technology to Iran, block on arms exports, and an asset freeze on certain companies and individuals.<\/li>\n<li>The resolutions passed in 2010 permits the UN to carry out inspections to detect and stop such trades.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>The European Union<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>The EU sanctions include a ban on trade which could be used for uranium enrichment.<\/li>\n<li>The EU also has an asset freeze on certain companies and individuals.<\/li>\n<li>In 2011, the EU passed a resolution banning the export to Iran of equipment and technology for refining and production of natural gas.<\/li>\n<li>It is unlawful under EU law to provide any form of guarantees to any Iranian entities or persons.<\/li>\n<li>In January 2012, the EU approved a ban on Iranian oil, a freeze of assets belonging to the Central Bank Of Iran and a ban of all trade in precious metals. There is a grace period for the ban on Iranian oil and all existing contracts must terminate on 1st July.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>The United States<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>The US sanctions prohibit almost all trade with Iran, with exceptions only for activity intended to benefit the Iranian people such as export of medical and agricultural equipment.<\/li>\n<li>In November 2011, the US expanded sanctions in relation to Iran&#8217;s oil and petrochemical industries.<\/li>\n<li>In December 2011, the US imposed a law against dealing with Iran&#8217;s Centra Bank.<\/li>\n<li>US law (The Comprehensive Iran Sanctions, Accountability and Divestment Act 2010) suggests that providing insurance where the premium is less than US$ 1 million is not illegal.<\/li>\n<li>US law prohibits US persons\/companies from dealing with individuals and companies named in a list kept by the US Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC). This list can be found at <br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/resource-center\/sanctions\/SDN-List\/Pages\/default.aspx\" target=\"_blank\"> www.treasury.gov\/resource-center\/sanctions\/SDN-List\/Pages\/default.aspx<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In January 2012, Russia has stated they will reject any further sanctions against Iran, and China and India and Turkey have also said the same. Accordingly the approval of an UN sanction banning the trade of Iranian oil is highly unlikely as both China and Russia have a veto at the UN Security Council. But as we shall explain in the conclusion, both the US and the EU will still be able to effectively carry out and impose its sanctions on foreign entities, even though similar UN sanctions have not been passed.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<ol>\n<li>It is important to comply with the UN sanctions. Complying only with UN resolutions may not be difficult but the additional sanctions imposed by the EU and the US are more extensive and as shall be explained would also likely be applicable to foreign entities(non US and non EU entities).<\/li>\n<li>Although US laws may be deemed not applicable to an owner, charterer or vessel which has no relation to US jurisdiction, US law allows the sanctions to be extended to apply to a foreign entity. Accordingly this threat of the US laws extending its reach to the foreign entity, effectively results in the foreign entity such as foreign insurers also needing to comply with US laws strictly.<\/li>\n<li>Similarly all owners and charterers will also need to comply with the EU laws even though they have no connection with the EU, in view all reputable marine insurances are ultimately reinsured to the London or European market.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">See attached file :&nbsp;ALCO20120002Iran Sanctions.pdf<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;CHN&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;ENG \u975e\u7f8e\u56fd\u53ca\u975e\u6b27\u76df\u516c\u53f8\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u9075\u5b88\u7f8e\u56fd\u548c\u6b27\u76df\u9488\u5bf9\u4f0a\u6717\u7684\u5236\u88c1\u3002 \u6211\u4eec\u5efa\u8bae\u8239\u8236\u5728\u6267\u884c\u524d\u5f80\u4f0a\u6717\u7684\u822a\u6b21\u524d\u83b7\u5f97\u4fdd\u8d54\u534f\u4f1a\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\u548c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u610f\u89c1\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u534f\u4f1a\u7ed9\u51fa\u7684\u610f\u89c1\u53ea\u5177\u6709\u6307\u5bfc\u6027\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u4e2a\u4eba\u6216\u673a\u6784\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u67d0\u4e2a\u822a\u6b21\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5\u3002 \u8054\u5408\u56fd\u3001\u6b27\u76df\u53ca\u7f8e\u56fd\u662f\u5236\u88c1\u4f0a\u6717\u7684\u4e09\u5927\u673a\u6784\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u8bf7\u89c1\u4e0b\u6587\u603b\u7ed3\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u745e\u58eb\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u3001\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u548c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4e5f\u5ba3\u5e03\u4e86\u5176\u5236\u88c1\u3002 \u8054\u5408\u56fd 2006\u5e74\u81f32010\u5e74\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u9488\u5bf9\u4f0a\u6717\u62d2\u7edd\u4e0e\u56fd\u9645\u539f\u5b50\u80fd\u534f\u4f1a(IAEA)\u5408\u4f5c\u5df2\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u56db\u6b21\u5236\u88c1\u3002 \u8fd9\u4e9b\u5236\u88c1\u5305\u62ec\u7981\u6b62\u5411\u4f0a\u6717\u63d0\u4f9b\u6b66\u5668\u53ca\u6838\u76f8\u5173\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u7981\u6b62\u4f0a\u6717\u6b66\u5668\u51fa\u53e3\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e9b\u516c\u53f8\u548c\u4e2a\u4eba\u5b9e\u884c\u8d44\u4ea7\u51bb\u7ed3\u3002 2010\u5e74\u901a\u8fc7\u7684\u51b3\u8bae\u5141\u8bb8\u6b27\u76df\u5b9e\u884c\u68c0\u67e5\u4ee5\u68c0\u6d4b\u548c\u963b\u6b62\u8fd9\u7c7b\u8d38\u6613\u3002 \u6b27\u76df \u6b27\u76df\u5236\u88c1\u5305\u62ec\u7981\u6b62\u53ef\u80fd\u7528\u4e8e\u5236\u9020[\u6838]\u94c0\u6d53\u7f29\uff08uranium enrichment\uff09\u7684\u8d27\u7269\u7684\u8d38\u6613\u3002 \u6b27\u76df\u4e5f\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e9b\u516c\u53f8\u548c\u4e2a\u4eba\u5b9e\u884c\u8d44\u4ea7\u51bb\u7ed3\u3002 2011\u5e74\uff0c\u6b27\u76df\u901a\u8fc7\u51b3\u8bae\u7981\u6b62\u5411\u4f0a\u6717\u51fa\u53e3\u7528\u4e8e\u7cbe\u70bc\u548c\u751f\u4ea7\u5929\u7136\u6c14\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u548c\u6280\u672f\u3002 \u5728\u6b27\u76df\u6cd5\u4e0b\u5411\u4efb\u4f55\u4f0a\u6717\u5b9e\u4f53\u6216\u4e2a\u4eba\u63d0\u4f9b\u4efb\u4f55\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u62c5\u4fdd\u662f\u4e0d\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u3002 \u7f8e\u56fd \u7f8e\u56fd\u5236\u88c1\u7981\u6b62\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u4e0e\u4f0a\u6717\u7684\u8d38\u6613\uff0c\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u4f8b\u5916\u662f\u8be5\u884c\u4e3a\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u4f0a\u6717\u4eba\u6c11\uff0c\u5982\u51fa\u53e3\u533b\u7597\u548c\u519c\u4e1a\u8bbe\u5907\u3002 2011\u5e7411\u6708\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u6269\u5927\u4e0e\u4f0a\u6717\u77f3\u6cb9\u548c\u77f3\u5316\u4ea7\u4e1a\u6709\u5173\u7684\u5236\u88c1\u3002 2011\u5e7412\u6708\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7981\u6b62\u4e0e\u4f0a\u6717\u4e2d\u592e\u94f6\u884c\u4ea4\u6613\u3002 \u7f8e\u56fd\u6cd5\u6848\uff08The Comprehensive Iran Sanctions\uff0cAccountability and Divestment Act 2010) \u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4fdd\u8d39\u5c11\u4e8e\u4e00\u767e\u4e07\u7f8e\u91d1\u7684\u4fdd\u9669\u662f\u4e0d\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u3002 \u7f8e\u56fd\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7981\u6b62\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\/\u516c\u53f8\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u8d22\u653f\u90e8\u5916\u56fd\u8d44\u4ea7\u63a7\u5236\u529e\u516c\u5ba4 \uff08OFAC\uff09\u516c\u5e03\u540d\u5355\u4e2d\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u548c\u516c\u53f8\u4ea4\u6613\u3002\u540d\u5355\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7f51\u5740\u627e\u5230\uff1a www.treasury.gov\/resource-center\/sanctions\/SDN-List\/Pages\/default.aspx 2012\u5e741\u6708\uff0c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u58f0\u660e\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c06\u62d2\u7edd\u4efb\u4f55\u5bf9\u4f0a\u6717\u7684\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5236\u88c1\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u3001\u5370\u5ea6\u548c\u571f\u8033\u5176\u4e5f\u4f5c\u51fa\u540c\u6837\u7684\u58f0\u660e\u3002\u9274\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u548c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u5728\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u5b89\u7406\u4f1a\u6709\u5426\u51b3\u6743\uff0c\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u901a\u8fc7\u7981\u6b62\u4f0a\u6717\u77f3\u6cb9\u8d38\u6613\u7684\u5236\u88c1\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u4e0d\u5927\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u6b63\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5728\u603b\u7ed3\u4e2d\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u5236\u88c1\u6ca1\u6709\u83b7\u5f97\u901a\u8fc7, \u7f8e\u56fd\u548c\u6b27\u76df\u90fd\u4ecd\u5c06\u7ee7\u7eed\u6267\u884c\u548c\u5f3a\u52a0\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5236\u88c1\u4e8e\u5916\u56fd\u5b9e\u4f53\u3002 \u603b\u7ed3 \u9075\u5b88\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u5236\u88c1\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u4ec5\u9075\u5b88\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u51b3\u8bae\u53ef\u80fd\u5e76\u4e0d\u96be\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6b27\u76df\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5f3a\u52a0\u7684\u989d\u5916\u5236\u88c1\u5374\u66f4\u52a0\u5e7f\u6cdb\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5236\u88c1\u5c06\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u4e5f\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5916\u56fd\u5b9e\u4f53(\u975e\u7f8e\u56fd\u548c\u975e\u6b27\u76df\u5b9e\u4f53)\u3002 \u5c3d\u7ba1\u7f8e\u56fd\u6cd5\u5f8b\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e0d\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u7ba1\u8f96\u65e0\u5173\u7684\u8239\u4e1c\u3001\u79df\u5bb6\u6216\u8005\u8239\u8236\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5141\u8bb8\u5236\u88c1\u6269\u5927\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5916\u56fd\u5b9e\u4f53\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6269\u5927\u5236\u88c1\u8303\u56f4\u5230\u5916\u56fd\u5b9e\u4f53\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u5a01\u80c1\u5c06\u5bfc\u81f4\u5916\u56fd\u5b9e\u4f53\uff0c\u8bf8\u5982\u5916\u56fd\u4fdd\u9669\u4eba\uff0c\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u4e25\u683c\u9075\u5b88\u7f8e\u56fd\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3002 \u540c\u6837, \u6240\u6709\u8239\u4e1c\u548c\u79df\u5bb6\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u9075\u5b88\u6b27\u76df\u6cd5\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0e\u6b27\u76df\u6ca1\u6709\u5173\u8054\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u6d77\u4e0a\u4fdd\u9669\u6700\u7ec8\u4f1a\u5728\u4f26\u6566\u6216\u6b27\u6d32\u5e02\u573a\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u518d\u4fdd\u9669\u3002 \u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\u8bf7\u53c2\u9605\u9644\u4ef6\u3002 Iran Sanctions Non US and non EU companies must also comply with US and EU sanctions. [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":9071,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[34],"tags":[124],"class_list":["post-9316","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-circulars","tag-chinese"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9316","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9316"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9316\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":20508,"href":"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9316\/revisions\/20508"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9071"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9316"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9316"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/andrewliu.com.hk\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9316"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}