Protection and indemnity insurance, commonly known as P&I, is a form of insurance which firstly provided by mutual P&I clubs and cover the liability risks to third parties not usually covered by conventional marine insurers. P&I clubs are run as a non-profit-making business and thus financed by “calls” not by “premiums” like other conventional marine insurers. The rate of “calls” is not fixed and there exists return and supplementary of premium and also release call. It can be said that P&I clubs are servant to their Members because of their “mutuality” , including a professional team of lawyers and experts to help the owners deal with claims, which will not be found in conventional marine insurance.
There are also vessels insured with fixed premium for P&I insurance by other conventional insurers, which is not mutual. However, more than 90% of the world’s oceangoing tonnage is insured by thirteen mutual P&I clubs that are members of the International Group of P&I clubs. If any incident happens which could result in a claim or liability, you are recommended to give immediate notification to us to avoid any misconduct which would disable the claim to be covered or fully covered.
Club cover is constantly changing and developing as and when new liabilities are placed on shipowners. P&I insurance protect members against losses and liabilities towards third parties. The insurance is available to shipowners and charterers, including operators. In general, the clubs offers two principal types of cover:
Class 1 Protection and Indemnity
The club covers the Members’ liability for seven major types of claim: cargo, crew, collision (to the extent such claims are not covered under hull polices), fixed and floating objects, third party injury and death claims, oil pollution, and miscellaneous (including fines, wreck removal and other types of claims not in the other major categories). Costs and expenses incurred in investigating and handling claims falling within the Rules are also included in the cover.
Class 2 Freight Demurrage and Defence
FD&D is a legal expenses insurance providing legal assistance as well, which pays the legal costs incurred in establishing or resisting certain types of disputes which are not covered under Class 1.Legal costs is not only lawyers’ costs, but also costs of correspondents and experts who provides assistance to facilitate an amicable resolution.
Certificate of Entry
After acceptance of an application of entry of a Ship for insurance in the Club, a Certificate of Entry (COE) will be issued to the member in respect of such Ship. This document provide the information of insurance for the specific ship, such as coverage of the insurance, special terms and conditions (i.e. deductibles) etc. Every P&I clubs have their own rule books, and it is usually stated in the COE such as “this insurance is subject to the Rules of the club and the terms and conditions specified or referred to below.” Therefore, should any claims arisen, we shall turn to provisions of COE and endorsements issued by manager and also relevant rules of the club for details.
We have established long-term and friendly relationships with most of these P&I clubs and please do not hesitate contact us for assistance in P&I insurance.
See attached file : ALCO20120030Introduction to P&I Insurance.pdf
关于保赔保险之简要介绍
保赔保险，通常简称为 P&I， 是首先由船东互保协会提供的一种海上保险，承保传统的商业海上保险人通常不承保的第三方责任风险。互保协会是作为非盈利性机构来运营的，因此向被保险人收取的是 “会费” 而非像其他商业海上保险人收取 “保费” 。会费费率并不是固定的，并且也有可能会返还会费或收取补充会费，在船舶退会时也有可能要收取退会费。因为其 “互保性” 可以说保赔协会是为其会员服务的，包括为船东提供专业的律师和专家服务来处理申索，在传统的商业海上保险中是未有此服务的。
当然也有船舶是通过向商业保险人缴纳固定保费来获得保赔保险，这就是非互保性质的。但是目前世界上从事海运的船舶中有九成是由国际保赔集团下的十三家船东互保协会来承保其保赔保险。假若有可能引起申索或责任的事故发生，为了确保您不致有不当的行为而不能得到赔偿或全部赔偿，请在事故发生后立即通知我司。
互保协会的承保范围是随着船东要承担的新型责任的出现而不断变化和发展的。保赔保险承保其会员面对的第三方责任和损失。船东、承租人，以及船舶运营人都可以选择获得此种保险。总的来说，保赔协会主要提供以下两种类型的保险：
第一部分：保障与赔偿保险
保赔协会主要对其会员在以下七种申索下的责任进行承保：货物、船员、碰撞（在船壳险未承保的范围内进行承保）、固定及浮动物体、第三方人员伤亡、油污责任，以及其他（包括罚款，沉船沉物打捞以及其他未在前六种类型中的申索）。在调查和处理申索案件中的费用，若在保赔协会的规则中有规定，那么也属于承保范围。
第二部分：运费、滞期费和抗辩保险
运费、滞期费和抗辩保险是承保会员在追索或抗辩以解决未由第一部分承保的索赔或纠纷而产生的费用，若承保此类保险，那么会员还会获得由协会提供的法律服务。前述索赔或纠纷中产生的法律费用不仅仅指律师费，还包括为寻求可被会员接受的解决方案而产生的通代员和专家费用。
入会证书
在协会接受一艘船舶的入会承保申请后，入会证书将会签发给会员。入会证书载有具体船舶承保的保险信息，例如承保范围、特殊条款（如免赔额）等。每一个保赔协会都有自己的保险章程，而在入会证书中通常会载有 “此保险应当遵守（入会证书签发时的）保赔协会章程以及以下（入会证书的）具体条款。” 因此，如果有任何申索发生，都要根据入会证书的条款和协会经理签发的批单以及保赔协会章程的相关规则来解决保赔问题。
我司已与多家船东互保协会建立长期且友好的关系，若您对于保赔保险问题需要帮助，请立即联系我司。
以上由 ANDREW LIU & CO.,LTD 编译，应以英文为准！
详细信息请参阅附件。
