所有国际保赔集团下属协会的协会章程中都包含 “有权终止或拒绝接受涉及违反国际制裁的航次保险” 这样的规定。
例如，某保赔协会制裁条款规定：
“协会将不向船东赔偿本保险条款涉及的任何责任、支出和费用，如果协会提供保险,支付索赔或提供任何与上述责任，支出和费用相关的利益，可能会让协会违反任何主管当局或政府实施的制裁、禁令、限制或不利行动。”
所有的船壳险保险人也都在保险条款中加入了类似的制裁限制条款。
例如，某船壳险保险人的制裁条款规定：
“在本保险条款下，再保险人（保险人）不提供保险且没有责任支付任何索赔或提供任何利益，如果提供保险,支付该索赔或者提供该利益将使再保险人（保险人）违反联合国决议， 贸易经济制裁，欧盟、英国或美国法律法规下的任何制裁 、禁令、或者限制。”
上诉法院，Arash Shiping v Groupama Transport (2011) 一案涉及这样一个问题，即船壳险保险人Groupama Transport是否有权根据制裁条款，因Arash shipping与Iran National Shipping有关，而取消保单。 法院裁定，船壳险的保险人只要善意行使自由裁量权并有理可依，就有权取消保险。有理可依是指，该理由不能被质疑为完全不符合逻辑或者不合理,以致于任何通晓事理的人都不认同。法院称，船壳险保险人合理地认为维持保险将使他们置于违反制裁的风险中，并非没有这种可能性。
总结，如果保险人合理的基于可获得的信息，认为他们将会置于不遵守制裁的风险中，保险人就有权终止保险，即使保险人的这个决定之后才被证明是基于一个错误的假设或者对情况的错误理解。
因此，如果任何船舶决定前往伊朗，需有专业的第三方进行具体调查，如律师，货物检验人员，以确保该航次及装载的货物是合法的，避免船壳险保险人和保赔协会行使终止保险的权利。（请参阅我司通函ALCO20120003《关于伊朗制裁问题的若干建议》）
以上由 ANDREW LIU & CO.,LTD 编译，应以英文为准！
详细信息请参阅附件。
Iran Sanctions – Insurance Policy Conditions
All International Group P&I Clubs have included in their Rules the right to terminate or exclude cover in relation to voyages which may breach international sanctions.
Example of a P&I Club sanction clause:
“The Association shall not indemnify an owner any liabilities, costs or expenses where the provision of cover, the payment of any claim or the provision of any benefit in respect of those liabilities, costs or expenses may expose the Association to any sanction, prohibition, restriction, or adverse action by any competent authority or government.”
All Hull insurers have also included in their policy conditions a similar Sanctions Limitation Clause.
Example of a Hull insurers’ sanction clause:
“No re (insurer) shall be deemed to provide cover and no re(insurer) shall be liable to pay any claim or provide any benefit hereunder to the extent that the provision of such cover, payment of such claim or provision of such benefit would expose that re(insurer) to any sanction, prohibition, or restriction under United nations resolution or the trade and economic sanctions, laws or regulations of the European Union, United Kingdom or United States of America.”
The Court Of Appeal case of Arash Shiping v Groupama Transport (2011) concerned an issue whether the Hull insurer Groupama Transport was entitled to cancel the cover relying on the Sanctions clause for the reason the Arash Shipping was related to Iran National Shipping. It was held the hull insurers was entitled to serve a notice cancelling cover as long as it exercised its discretion in good faith and on grounds which could not be challenged for being totally illogical and without reason such that no sensible person would have come to the same opinion. The Court said it was not impossible for hull insurers to have reasonably formed an opinion that continuance of cover would expose to them to risk of insurers being in breach of the sanctions.
To conclude, if it was not unreasonable based on the available information for insurers to form an opinion they would be exposed to a risk of not complying with the Sanctions, the insurers would be entitled to terminate cover even though it may be later proven that the insurer’s decision may have been based on a incorrect assumption or understanding of the circumstances.
It is therefore important that if any vessel decides to trade to Iran, that a detailed investigation is carried out by expert third parties such as lawyers and cargo surveyors to ensure the voyage and shipment is lawful, in order to avoid Hull insurers and P&I Clubs exercising their right to terminate cover. ( See our circular no. 2012/003 on Iran practical comments.)
See attached file : ALCO20120004Iran Sanctions – Insurance Policy Conditions.pdf
