船东们在与银行或租赁公司做抵押贷款时，都有可能会面对过抵押人要求船东购买或支付抵押权人船舶利益保险。以下为这种保险的简单介绍以让船东们了解这个保险承保范围。
抵押权人船舶利益保险的出现，其根本原因在于人们逐渐意识到了通过传统的船舶保险以保护抵押权人利益这种方式的不足。抵押权人船舶利益保险（Mortgagees’Interest Insurance-Hulls，简称MII），是指一种独立的为抵押权人(例如银行)利益设计的保险，由抵押权人自己投保，以抵押权为保险标的，承保的是因船东船壳险或保赔险拒赔情况下，导致抵押权人的优先受偿权受阻而产生损失。
抵押权人船舶利益保险为抵押权人提供的是第二层的保障。 第一层保障为船东的船壳险或保赔险，只有在这第一层的保障因某些情况(如下列的承保风险)而遭受拒赔，抵押权人船舶利益保险的保险人才予以赔偿给抵押权人，它是保障船舶抵押融资中抵押权人利益的一种有效手段。拒赔的主要原则是该索赔是由船壳险或保赔险本来所承保的风险引起的，但因船壳险或保赔险的被保险人等人的作为或不作为导致保险人拒赔。
作为世界保险业中心的伦敦市场，于1986年起开始采用专门适用于抵押权人船舶利益保险的条款，即 “联合船舶委员会” 拟订的协会抵押权人船舶利益保险条款（Institute Mortgagees Interest Clauses-Hulls，以下简称IMI Clauses），并于1997年作了修订。
以下是抵押权人船舶利益保险1997条款列明的承保风险包括：
- 被保险人或其保险代理人、保险经纪人的误述（Misrepresentation）或未履行告知义务（Non-disclosure）；
- 违反任何法定或者任何明示或默示的保证或条件，包括但不限于：
- 违反默示的保证或者适航性或合法性的保证；
- 违反MIA1906第39条第5款规定，即在船舶定期保险中，被保险人对船舶的不适航状态有私谋；
- 违反保单中的航区保证；
- 违反保单中的有关船舶船级的任何保证或条件；
- 违反保单中的有关检验保证或检验要求；
- 违反保单中的有关船舶所有权、船旗、管理或光租的保证或条件。
- 被抵押船船东或船舶管理人未就被抵押船舶的灭失或损坏作谨慎处理；
- 故意或恶意造成被抵押船舶灭失或损坏；
- 违反诚信义务；
- 向船舶保险人或保赔保险人索赔超过时效或时限；
- 无法举证被抵押船舶全损是某一列明风险所致；
<什么是抵押权人额外油污保险>
油污事故很容易引致非常庞大的索赔金额，假如受害人的损失超出船东保赔险的赔偿限额，受害人可以对船舶享有优先权以补偿超额的损失，因此导致抵押权人的利益受到了严重的损害。这种影响也可以来自抵押船舶的姊妹船的油污事故，因为受害人也可以扣押当事船舶的姊妹船，一方面船东因船舶被扣押而难以向抵押权人履行还款义务，另一方面姊妹船甚至被拍卖，使抵押权人的利益得不到保护。故此抵押权人可以购买抵押权人额外油污保险来保障这巨大的风险。
以上由 ANDREW LIU & CO.,LTD 编译，应以英文为准！
详细信息请参阅附件。
Introduction of Mortgagees’ Interest Insurance-Hulls
Shipowners, when they deal with the banks or leasing companies to arrange the mortgage, may have been requested by their mortgagee to purchase or pay for the Mortgagees’ Interested Insurance. We are pleased to provide a brief introduction about this insurance to let shipowners have better understanding of its coverage.
The Mortgagees’ Interest Insurance was designed when people understood that the traditional marine insurance policy could not provide sufficient protection to the mortgagees’ interest. The Mortgagees’ Interest Insurance (MII) is an insurance specially designed for mortgagees’ interest. The mortgagee is the insured on the policy and the mortgagees’ interest is the insured subject. It covers the loss of the mortgagee when he / she lose the right of to obtain the reimbursement in according to the loss payable clause from the shipowner’s H&M or P&I insurers.
MII is the second layer of protection to mortgagee. The first layer is the shipowner’s H&M or P&I insurance. Only when this first layer of protection fails to reimburse the claims due to the insured indemnity, the MII policy will be triggered to indemnify the mortgagees for their loss. It provides sufficient protection for mortgagee’s interests. In principal, due to the act or omission of the insure(s) on the H&M or P&I policy can lead to a claim arising by insured peril uncovered.
Lloyd’s Market, as a World’s insurance centre, has been provided mortgagee interest insurance clauses since 1986. The Joint Hull Committee has speculated Institute Mortgagees Interest Clauses – Hulls (IMI Clauses) which was revised in 1997.
The insured perils under IMI Clauses 1997 include:
- A misrepresentation or non-disclosure of any material circumstance from the assured or any of such assured’s insurance agents or insurance brokers;
- Breach of any statutory provision or any express or implied promissory warranty or conditions, including without limitation:
- breach of any implied warranty or seaworthiness or legality
- breach of Section 39(5) of the Marine Insurance Act of 1906, i.e. in a time policy, with the privity of the assured, the ship is sent to sea in an unseaworthy state
- breach of trading warranties contained in any of the Owners’ Policies and Club Entries
- breach of any warranty or condition in respect of the classification of the Mortgaged Vessel by a Classification Society
- breach of any warranty or condition in any of the Owners’ Policies and Club Entries which requires compliance with any condition survey, structural survey or P&I Club survey requirements
- breach of any warranty or condition in respect of the Ownership, flag, management or charter on a bareboat basis of the Mortgaged Vessel
- Failure of the assured to exercise due diligence in respect of any loss or damage to the Mortgaged Vessel
- Any deliberate or fraudulent casting away of or damage to the Mortgaged Vessel
- Breach of duty of good faith
- The operation of any applicable provision which provides for a time limitation on the presentation of claims
- The loss has not been proved to have been proximately caused by a peril insured
Mortgagees Interest and/or Mortgagees Interest Additional Perils – Oil Pollutions
Oil pollutions can lead to big claims. Once the loss of victim is in excess the limit of insurance, the victim can exercise liens against the vessel to indemnify the loss in excess. Therefore, the interest of mortgagee would be significantly influenced and this influence can be caused by the oil pollutions from sister ships as well. As the victim can arrest the sister ship of the captioned vessel and once the ship is arrested, it is difficult for shipowners to perform the payment liability. On the other side, sister ship may be auctioned and mortgagees’ interested is unable to be properly protected. Therefore, mortgagees can place additional oil pollutions insurance to against such risks.
See attached file : ALCO20120022Introduction of Mortgagees’ Interest Insurance-Hulls.pdf
